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Continual learning (CL) enables deep networks to acquire new knowledge while avoiding catastrophic forgetting. The powerful generalization ability of pre-trained models (PTMs), such as the Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Haodong Lu , Xinyu Zhang , Kristen Moore , Jason Xue , Lina Yao , Anton van den Hengel , Dong Gong

In-context learning (ICL), a predominant trend in instruction learning, aims at enhancing the performance of large language models by providing clear task guidance and examples, improving their capability in task understanding and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Cheng Chen , Yunpeng Zhai , Yifan Zhao , Jinyang Gao , Bolin Ding , Jia Li

Continual learning (CL) is one of the most promising trends in recent machine learning research. Its goal is to go beyond classical assumptions in machine learning and develop models and learning strategies that present high robustness in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Kamil Faber , Dominik Zurek , Marcin Pietron , Nathalie Japkowicz , Antonio Vergari , Roberto Corizzo

In continual learning (CL), a learner is faced with a sequence of tasks, arriving one after the other, and the goal is to remember all the tasks once the continual learning experience is finished. The prior art in CL uses episodic memory,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Arslan Chaudhry , Naeemullah Khan , Puneet K. Dokania , Philip H. S. Torr

Large-scale neural language models exhibit a remarkable capacity for in-context learning (ICL): they can infer novel functions from datasets provided as input. Most of our current understanding of when and how ICL arises comes from LMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Ekin Akyürek , Bailin Wang , Yoon Kim , Jacob Andreas

Continual learning (CL) enables models to adapt to evolving data streams without catastrophic forgetting, a fundamental requirement for real-world AI systems. However, the current methods often depend on large replay buffers or heavily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Indu Solomon , Aye Phyu Phyu Aung , Uttam Kumar , Senthilnath Jayavelu

Continual learning (CL) for Foundation Models (FMs) is an essential yet underexplored challenge, especially in Federated Continual Learning (FCL), where each client learns from a private, evolving task stream under strict data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Hao Yu , Xin Yang , Boyang Fan , Xuemei Cao , Hanlin Gu , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

Clinical decision support systems require models that are not only highly accurate but also equitable and sensitive to the implications of missed diagnoses. In this study, we introduce a knowledge-guided in-context learning (ICL) framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Fatemeh Nazary , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Eugenio di Sciascio

This paper develops variational continual learning (VCL), a simple but general framework for continual learning that fuses online variational inference (VI) and recent advances in Monte Carlo VI for neural networks. The framework can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-22 Cuong V. Nguyen , Yingzhen Li , Thang D. Bui , Richard E. Turner

Large language-vision models (LVLMs) such as CLIP, Flamingo, and BLIP have revolutionized AI by enabling understanding across textual and visual modalities. These models excel at tasks like image captioning, visual question answering, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hamza Ahmed Durrani , Rafay Suleman Durrani

Continual learning (CL) aims to empower models to learn new tasks without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. Most prior works concentrate on the techniques of architectures, replay data, regularization, \etc. However, the category…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Bolin Ni , Hongbo Zhao , Chenghao Zhang , Ke Hu , Gaofeng Meng , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Shiming Xiang

Continual learning aims to provide intelligent agents that are capable of learning continually a sequence of tasks, building on previously learned knowledge. A key challenge in this learning paradigm is catastrophically forgetting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Ghada Sokar , Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Continual learning (CL) refers to the ability to continually learn over time by accommodating new knowledge while retaining previously learned experience. While this concept is inherent in human learning, current machine learning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Anna Vettoruzzo , Joaquin Vanschoren , Mohamed-Rafik Bouguelia , Thorsteinn Rögnvaldsson

Developing autonomous vehicles (AVs) helps improve the road safety and traffic efficiency of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Accurately predicting the trajectories of traffic participants is essential to the decision-making and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Yunlong Lin , Zirui Li , Cheng Gong , Chao Lu , Xinwei Wang , Jianwei Gong

In Continual Learning (CL), a neural network is trained on a stream of data whose distribution changes over time. In this context, the main problem is how to learn new information without forgetting old knowledge (i.e., Catastrophic…

With the increasing capabilities of large language models (LLMs), in-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a new paradigm for natural language processing (NLP), where LLMs make predictions based on contexts augmented with a few examples. It…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Qingxiu Dong , Lei Li , Damai Dai , Ce Zheng , Jingyuan Ma , Rui Li , Heming Xia , Jingjing Xu , Zhiyong Wu , Tianyu Liu , Baobao Chang , Xu Sun , Lei Li , Zhifang Sui

The ability to learn in dynamic, nonstationary environments without forgetting previous knowledge, also known as Continual Learning (CL), is a key enabler for scalable and trustworthy deployments of adaptive solutions. While the importance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Andrea Cossu , Antonio Carta , Davide Bacciu

Continual learning (CL) refers to the ability of an algorithm to continuously and incrementally acquire new knowledge from its environment while retaining previously learned information. A model trained on one data modality often fails when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Nilay Kushawaha , Egidio Falotico

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence have led to the development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, adapting these pre-trained models to dynamic data distributions and various tasks efficiently remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yukang Huo , Hao Tang

Continual learning (CL) is a paradigm that aims to replicate the human ability to learn and accumulate knowledge continually without forgetting previous knowledge and transferring it to new tasks. Recent instruction tuning (IT) involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zihan Zhang , Meng Fang , Ling Chen , Mohammad-Reza Namazi-Rad
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