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In deep learning, optimization plays a vital role. By focusing on image classification, this work investigates the pros and cons of the widely used optimizers, and proposes a new optimizer: Perturbated Unit Gradient Descent (PUGD) algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Ching-Hsun. Tseng , Liu-Hsueh. Cheng , Shin-Jye. Lee , Xiaojun Zeng

Classical stochastic gradient methods are well suited for minimizing expected-value objective functions. However, they do not apply to the minimization of a nonlinear function involving expected values or a composition of two expected-value…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-17 Mengdi Wang , Ethan X. Fang , Han Liu

In this work we consider stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for solving linear inverse problems in Banach spaces. SGD and its variants have been established as one of the most successful optimisation methods in machine learning, imaging and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Z. Kereta , B. Jin

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the main algorithm behind a large body of work in machine learning. In many cases, constraints are enforced via projections, leading to projected stochastic gradient algorithms. In recent years, a large…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-06 Yuping Zheng , Andrew Lamperski

Gradient descent (GD) is a collection of continuous optimization methods that have achieved immeasurable success in practice. Owing to data science applications, GD with diminishing step sizes has become a prominent variant. While this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Vivak Patel , Albert S. Berahas

Block coordinate descent is a powerful algorithmic template suitable for big data optimization. This template admits a lot of variants including block gradient descent (BGD), which performs gradient descent on a selected block of variables,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Liangzu Peng , Wotao Yin

In machine learning, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely deployed to train models using highly non-convex objectives with equally complex noise models. Unfortunately, SGD theory often makes restrictive assumptions that fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Vivak Patel , Shushu Zhang , Bowen Tian

We propose a projected semi-stochastic gradient descent method with mini-batch for improving both the theoretical complexity and practical performance of the general stochastic gradient descent method (SGD). We are able to prove linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-08 Jie Liu , Martin Takac

Non-convex optimization problems are ubiquitous in machine learning, especially in Deep Learning. While such complex problems can often be successfully optimized in practice by using stochastic gradient descent (SGD), theoretical analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Harsh Vardhan , Sebastian U. Stich

Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) under the $L_\infty$ ball has become one of the defacto methods used in adversarial robustness evaluation for computer vision (CV) due to its reliability and efficacy, making a strong and easy-to-implement…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Philip Doldo , Derek Everett , Amol Khanna , Andre T Nguyen , Edward Raff

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has been a go-to algorithm for nonconvex stochastic optimization problems arising in machine learning. Its theory however often requires a strong framework to guarantee convergence properties. We hereby…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-11 Azar Louzi

Approximation of a target probability distribution using a finite set of points is a problem of fundamental importance in numerical integration. Several authors have proposed to select points by minimising a maximum mean discrepancy (MMD),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Zonghao Chen , Toni Karvonen , Heishiro Kanagawa , François-Xavier Briol , Chris. J. Oates

Stochastic Gradient Descent with a constant learning rate (constant SGD) simulates a Markov chain with a stationary distribution. With this perspective, we derive several new results. (1) We show that constant SGD can be used as an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-23 Stephan Mandt , Matthew D. Hoffman , David M. Blei

In this paper, we study the low-rank matrix minimization problem, where the loss function is convex but nonsmooth and the penalty term is defined by the cardinality function. We first introduce an exact continuous relaxation, that is, both…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-20 Quan Yu , Xinzhen Zhang

The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method is a widely used approach for solving stochastic optimization problems, but its convergence is typically slow. Existing variance reduction techniques, such as SAGA, improve convergence by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Fabio Nobile , Matteo Raviola , Nathan Schaeffer

The proximal stochastic gradient method (PSGD) is one of the state-of-the-art approaches for stochastic composite-type problems. In contrast to its deterministic counterpart, PSGD has been found to have difficulties with the correct…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Junwen Qiu , Li Jiang , Andre Milzarek

Noisy particle gradient descent (NPGD) is an algorithm to minimize convex functions over the space of measures that include an entropy term. In the many-particle limit, this algorithm is described by a Mean-Field Langevin dynamics - a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-12 Lénaïc Chizat

The paper studies a distributed gradient descent (DGD) process and considers the problem of showing that in nonconvex optimization problems, DGD typically converges to local minima rather than saddle points. The paper considers…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-24 Brian Swenson , Ryan Murray , H. Vincent Poor , Soummya Kar

The stochastic subgradient method is a widely-used algorithm for solving large-scale optimization problems arising in machine learning. Often these problems are neither smooth nor convex. Recently, Davis et al. [1-2] characterized the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-25 Shixiang Chen , Alfredo Garcia , Shahin Shahrampour

Inspired by dynamic programming, we propose Stochastic Virtual Gradient Descent (SVGD) algorithm where the Virtual Gradient is defined by computational graph and automatic differentiation. The method is computationally efficient and has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Zheng Li , Shi Shu