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New reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) based amplitude and phase modulation schemes are proposed as an evolution how the phase-only modulation schemes available in the literature. Explicitly, both the amplitude-phase shift keying…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Qingchao Li , Mohammed El-Hajjar , Ibrahim Hemadeh , Arman Shojaeifard , Alain A. M. Mourad , Lajos Hanzo

This paper presents a multi-bit reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with a high phase resolution, capable of beam-steering in the azimuthal plane at sub-6 Gigahertz (GHz). Field trials in realistic indoor deployments have been carried…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-21 James Rains , Jalil ur Rehman Kazim , Anvar Tukmanov , Tie Jun Cui , Lei Zhang , Qammer H. Abbasi , Muhammad Ali Imran

Recently, the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology has ushered in the prospect of control over the wireless propagation environment. By establishing alternative propagation paths for the transmitted signals, and by reflecting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Pedro H. C. de Souza , Luciano Mendes

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology for electromagnetic (EM) wave manipulation, offering unprecedented control over wave reflections compared to traditional metallic reflectors. By utilizing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-11 Hossein Rezaei , Mehmet Emin Arslan , George Yammine , Niels Neumann , Norman Franchi

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) enable reliable low-latency millimeter wave (mmWave) communication links in cases of a blocked line-of-sight (LoS) between the base station (BS) and the user equipment (UE), i.e. a RIS mounted on a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-13 Hamed Radpour , Markus Hofer , David Loschenbrand , Lukas Walter Mayer , Andreas Hofmann , Martin Schiefer , Thomas Zemen

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) consists of a large number of low-cost elements that can control the propagation environment seen from a transmitter by intelligently applying phase shifts to impinging signals before reflection.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-14 Parisa Ramezani , Maksym A. Girnyk , Emil Björnson

The adoption of a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) for downlink multi-user communication from a multi-antenna base station is investigated in this paper. We develop energy-efficient designs for both the transmit power allocation and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Chongwen Huang , Alessio Zappone , George C. Alexandropoulos , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) as a smart reflector is revolutionizing research for next-generation wireless communications. Complementing this is a concept of using RIS as an efficient propagation medium for potentially superior…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-04 Z. Chu , K. F. Tong , K. K. Wong , C. B. Chae , C. H. Chan

An accurate and simple analytical model for the computation of the reflection amplitude and phase of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces is presented. The model is based on a transmission-line circuit representation of the RIS which takes…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-16 Filippo Costa , Michele Borgese

Conventional Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) for wireless communications have a local position-dependent (phase-gradient) scattering response on the surface. We consider more general RIS structures, called nonlocal (or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Amine Mezghani , Faouzi Bellili , Ekram Hossain

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are programmable metasurfaces that can adaptively steer received electromagnetic energy in desired directions by employing controllable phase shifting cells. Among other uses, an RIS can modify the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-15 Ender Ayanoglu , Filippo Capolino , A. Lee Swindlehurst

With the development of the next generation of mobile networks, new research challenges have emerged, and new technologies have been proposed to face them. On the one hand, the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology is being…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-26 Romain Fara , Philippe Ratajczak , Dinh-Thuy Phan Huy , Abdelwaheb Ourir , Marco Di Renzo , Julien De Rosny

A Reflective Intelligent Surface (RIS) consists of many small reflective elements whose reflection properties can be adjusted to change the wireless propagation environment. Envisioned implementations require that each RIS element be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Gal Ben Itzhak , Miguel Saavedra-Melo , Benjamin Bradshaw , Ender Ayanoglu , Filippo Capolino , A. Lee Swindlehurst

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) will play a key role to establish reliable low-latency millimeter wave (mmWave) communication links for indoor automation and control applications. In case of a blocked line-of-sight between the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-23 Hamed Radpour , Markus Hofer , Lukas Walter Mayer , Andreas Hofmann , Martin Schiefer , Thomas Zemen

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) or intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), are regarded as one of the most promising and revolutionizing techniques for enhancing the spectrum and/or energy efficiency of wireless systems. These…

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), an emerging technology proposed for inclusion in next generation wireless communication systems, are programmable surfaces that can adaptively reflect incident electromagnetic radiation in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-30 Miguel Saavedra-Melo , Benjamin Bradshaw , Vanessa Yao , Ender Ayanoglu , Lee Swindlehurst , Filippo Capolino

We consider a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that can implement a phase rotation continuously over the whole surface rather than via a finite number of discrete elements. Such an RIS can be considered a design for future systems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-18 Amy S. Inwood , Peter J. Smith , Mahmoud AlaaEldin , Michail Matthaiou

We introduce a phase hopping scheme for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in which the phases of the individual RIS elements are randomly varied with each transmitted symbol. This effectively converts slow fading into fast fading.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Karl-Ludwig Besser , Eduard A. Jorswieck

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is an emerging technology that is under investigation for different applications in wireless communications. RISs are often analyzed and optimized by considering simplified electromagnetic…

In this paper, a broadband 1-bit coding metasurface-based reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is presented. The unit cell of the metasurface consists of a wide dipole modified with interdigital capacitors and loaded with an SMP…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Khagendra Joshi , Deepak Kumar Sahoo , Kamalesh Kumar K , Debidas Kundu , Vivek A. Bohara , Amalendu Patnaik