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This paper shows that masked autoencoders (MAE) are scalable self-supervised learners for computer vision. Our MAE approach is simple: we mask random patches of the input image and reconstruct the missing pixels. It is based on two core…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Kaiming He , Xinlei Chen , Saining Xie , Yanghao Li , Piotr Dollár , Ross Girshick

Masked Autoencoders (MAE) based on a reconstruction task have risen to be a promising paradigm for self-supervised learning (SSL) and achieve state-of-the-art performance across different benchmark datasets. However, despite its impressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Qi Zhang , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang

In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of various self-supervised Vision Transformers (ViTs), focusing on their local representative power. Inspired by large language models, we examine the abilities of ViTs to perform various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Ani Vanyan , Alvard Barseghyan , Hakob Tamazyan , Vahan Huroyan , Hrant Khachatrian , Martin Danelljan

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have so far been the de-facto model for visual data. Recent work has shown that (Vision) Transformer models (ViT) can achieve comparable or even superior performance on image classification tasks. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Maithra Raghu , Thomas Unterthiner , Simon Kornblith , Chiyuan Zhang , Alexey Dosovitskiy

Self-supervised learning has attracted increasing attention as it learns data-driven representation from data without annotations. Vision transformer-based autoencoder (ViT-AE) by He et al. (2021) is a recent self-supervised learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Chinmay Prabhakar , Hongwei Bran Li , Jiancheng Yang , Suprosana Shit , Benedikt Wiestler , Bjoern Menze

Masked autoencoders (MAEs) represent a prominent self-supervised learning paradigm in computer vision. Despite their empirical success, the underlying mechanisms of MAEs remain insufficiently understood. Recent studies have attempted to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Tao Huang , Yanxiang Ma , Shan You , Chang Xu

Contrastive Learning (CL), a leading paradigm in Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), typically relies on pairs of data views generated through augmentation. While multiple augmentations per instance (more than two) improve generalization in…

While transformers have surpassed convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in various computer vision tasks, microelectronics defect detection still largely relies on CNNs. We hypothesize that this gap is due to the fact that a) transformers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Nikolai Röhrich , Alwin Hoffmann , Richard Nordsieck , Emilio Zarbali , Alireza Javanmardi

Visual place recognition is a key to unlocking spatial navigation for animals, humans and robots. While state-of-the-art approaches are trained in a supervised manner and therefore hardly capture the information needed for generalizing to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Mohamed Adel Musallam , Vincent Gaudillière , Djamila Aouada

We introduce CAN, a simple, efficient and scalable method for self-supervised learning of visual representations. Our framework is a minimal and conceptually clean synthesis of (C) contrastive learning, (A) masked autoencoders, and (N) the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Shlok Mishra , Joshua Robinson , Huiwen Chang , David Jacobs , Aaron Sarna , Aaron Maschinot , Dilip Krishnan

Contrastive learning (CL) has emerged as a powerful technique for representation learning, with or without label supervision. However, supervised CL is prone to collapsing representations of subclasses within a class by not capturing all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Yihao Xue , Siddharth Joshi , Eric Gan , Pin-Yu Chen , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Learning representations with self-supervision for convolutional networks (CNN) has been validated to be effective for vision tasks. As an alternative to CNN, vision transformers (ViT) have strong representation ability with spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Zhong-Yu Li , Shanghua Gao , Ming-Ming Cheng

The availability of clean and diverse labeled data is a major roadblock for training models on complex tasks such as visual question answering (VQA). The extensive work on large vision-and-language models has shown that self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Violetta Shevchenko , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Anthony Dick , Anton van den Hengel , Damien Teney

Deep learning models often rely only on a small set of features even when there is a rich set of predictive signals in the training data. This makes models brittle and sensitive to distribution shifts. In this work, we first examine vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Armand Mihai Nicolicioiu , Andrei Liviu Nicolicioiu , Bogdan Alexe , Damien Teney

In this work, we propose a novel methodology for self-supervised learning for generating global and local attention-aware visual features. Our approach is based on training a model to differentiate between specific image transformations of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Trung X. Pham , Rusty John Lloyd Mina , Dias Issa , Chang D. Yoo

Masked Autoencoders (MAE) achieve self-supervised learning of image representations by randomly removing a portion of visual tokens and reconstructing the original image as a pretext task, thereby significantly enhancing pretraining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jiaxuan Li , Qing Xu , Xiangjian He , Ziyu Liu , Chang Xing , Zhen Chen , Daokun Zhang , Rong Qu , Chang Wen Chen

Self-supervised learning of deep neural networks has become a prevalent paradigm for learning representations that transfer to a variety of downstream tasks. Similar to proposed models of the ventral stream of biological vision, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Kion Fallah , Alec Helbling , Kyle A. Johnsen , Christopher J. Rozell

Recently, Masked Image Modeling (MIM) achieves great success in self-supervised visual recognition. However, as a reconstruction-based framework, it is still an open question to understand how MIM works, since MIM appears very different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Xiangwen Kong , Xiangyu Zhang

Contrastive self-supervised learning has outperformed supervised pretraining on many downstream tasks like segmentation and object detection. However, current methods are still primarily applied to curated datasets like ImageNet. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Wouter Van Gansbeke , Simon Vandenhende , Stamatios Georgoulis , Luc Van Gool

Vision Transformer (ViT) has shown its advantages over the convolutional neural network (CNN) with its ability to capture global long-range dependencies for visual representation learning. Besides ViT, contrastive learning is another…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Hua-Bao Ling , Bowen Zhu , Dong Huang , Ding-Hua Chen , Chang-Dong Wang , Jian-Huang Lai