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In-context learning (ICL) describes a language model's ability to generate outputs based on a set of input demonstrations and a subsequent query. To understand this remarkable capability, researchers have studied simplified, stylized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jaeyeon Kim , Sehyun Kwon , Joo Young Choi , Jongho Park , Jaewoong Cho , Jason D. Lee , Ernest K. Ryu

Continual learning enables incremental learning of new tasks without forgetting those previously learned, resulting in positive knowledge transfer that can enhance performance on both new and old tasks. However, continual learning poses new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Dawid Rymarczyk , Joost van de Weijer , Bartosz Zieliński , Bartłomiej Twardowski

In this paper, we present the combined learning-and-control (CLC) approach, which is a new way to solve optimal control problems with unknown dynamics by unifying model-based control and data-driven learning. The key idea is simple: we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Panagiotis Kounatidis , Andreas A. Malikopoulos

We aim to train a multi-task model such that users can adjust the desired compute budget and relative importance of task performances after deployment, without retraining. This enables optimizing performance for dynamically varying user…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Abhishek Aich , Samuel Schulter , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Manmohan Chandraker , Yumin Suh

The flocking motion control is concerned with managing the possible conflicts between local and team objectives of multi-agent systems. The overall control process guides the agents while monitoring the flock-cohesiveness and localization.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-20 Shuzheng Qu , Mohammed Abouheaf , Wail Gueaieb , Davide Spinello

Guaranteeing constraint satisfaction is challenging in imitation learning (IL), particularly in tasks that require operating near a system's handling limits. Traditional IL methods, such as Behavior Cloning (BC), often struggle to enforce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Shengfan Cao , Eunhyek Joa , Francesco Borrelli

Many imitation learning (IL) algorithms use inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) to infer a reward function that aligns with the demonstration. However, the inferred reward functions often fail to capture the underlying task objectives. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Weichao Zhou , Wenchao Li

This paper develops a robust control synthesis method for uncertain linear systems with input saturation in the framework of integral quadratic constraints (IQCs). The system is reformulated as a linear fractional representation (LFR) that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-12 Xu Zhang , Fen Wu

In-Context Learning (ICL) enhances the performance of large language models (LLMs) with demonstrations. However, obtaining these demonstrations primarily relies on manual effort. In most real-world scenarios, users are often unwilling or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jinglong Gao , Xiao Ding , Lingxiao Zou , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

In-context learning (ICL) is a central capability of Transformer models, but the structures in data that enable its emergence and govern its robustness remain poorly understood. In this work, we study how the structure of pretraining tasks…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-01 Mary I. Letey , Jacob A. Zavatone-Veth , Yue M. Lu , Cengiz Pehlevan

Large language models (LLMs) are now used in multi-turn workflows, but we still lack a clear way to measure when iteration helps and when it hurts. We present an evaluation framework for iterative refinement that spans ideation, code, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Shashidhar Reddy Javaji , Bhavul Gauri , Zining Zhu

In-Context Learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to achieve rapid task adaptation by learning from demonstrations. With the increase in available context length of LLMs, recent experiments have shown that the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Peiwen Yuan , Shaoxiong Feng , Yiwei Li , Xinglin Wang , Yueqi Zhang , Chuyi Tan , Boyuan Pan , Heda Wang , Yao Hu , Kan Li

In-context learning (ICL), which promotes inference with several demonstrations, has become a widespread paradigm to stimulate LLM capabilities for downstream tasks. Due to context length constraints, it cannot be further improved in spite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jiahao Li , Quan Wang , Licheng Zhang , Guoqing Jin , Zhendong Mao

We advance Machine Learning Control (MLC), a recently proposed model-free control framework which explores and exploits strongly nonlinear dynamics in an unsupervised manner. The assumed plant has multiple actuators and sensors and its…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-05-02 Ruiying Li , Bernd R. Noack , Laurent Cordier , Jacques Borée , Eurika Kaiser , Fabien Harambat

Frequency restoration in power systems is conventionally performed by broadcasting a centralized signal to local controllers. As a result of the energy transition, technological advances, and the scientific interest in distributed control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Erieke Weitenberg , Yan Jiang , Changhong Zhao , Enrique Mallada , Claudio De Persis , Florian Dörfler

Class-incremental learning (CIL) is typically evaluated under predefined schedules with equal-sized tasks, leaving more realistic and complex cases unexplored. However, a practical CIL system should learns immediately when any number of new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zhiming Xu , Baile Xu , Jian Zhao , Furao Shen , Suorong Yang

This paper proposes a method to combine reinforcement learning (RL) and imitation learning (IL) using a dynamic, performance-based modulation over learning signals. The proposed method combines RL and behavioral cloning (IL), or corrective…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Francisco Leiva , Javier Ruiz-del-Solar

Sampling-based methods have become a cornerstone of contemporary approaches to Model Predictive Control (MPC), as they make no restrictions on the differentiability of the dynamics or cost function and are straightforward to parallelize.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Jacob Sacks , Byron Boots

This paper presents a global trajectory optimization framework for minimizing lap time in autonomous racing under uncertain vehicle dynamics. Optimizing the trajectory over the full racing horizon is computationally expensive, and tracking…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Youngim Nam , Jungbin Kim , Kyungtae Kang , Cheolhyeon Kwon

This paper proposes an iterative distributionally robust model predictive control (MPC) scheme to solve a risk-constrained infinite-horizon optimal control problem. In each iteration, the algorithm generates a trajectory from the starting…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-23 Alireza Zolanvari , Ashish Cherukuri