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This paper addresses a critical challenge in cybersecurity: the gap between vulnerability information represented by Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and the resulting cyberattack actions. CVEs provide insights into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Ehsan Aghaei , Ehab Al-Shaer

Automatically locating vulnerable statements in source code is crucial to assure software security and alleviate developers' debugging efforts. This becomes even more important in today's software ecosystem, where vulnerable code can flow…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Yangruibo Ding , Sahil Suneja , Yunhui Zheng , Jim Laredo , Alessandro Morari , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Understanding software vulnerabilities and their resolutions is crucial for securing modern software systems. This study presents a novel traceability model that links a pair of sentences describing at least one of the three types of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Amiao Gao , Zenong Zhang , Simin Wang , Liguo Huang , Shiyi Wei , Vincent Ng

The number of newly published vulnerabilities is constantly increasing. Until now, the information available when a new vulnerability is published is manually assessed by experts using a Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) vector and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Philipp Kuehn , David N. Relke , Christian Reuter

Software vulnerabilities present a persistent security challenge, with over 25,000 new vulnerabilities reported in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database in 2024 alone. While deep learning based approaches show promise for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Ahmed Lekssays , Hamza Mouhcine , Khang Tran , Ting Yu , Issa Khalil

Software vulnerabilities are commonly exploited as attack vectors in cyberattacks. Hence, it is crucial to identify vulnerable software configurations early to apply preventive measures. Effective vulnerability detection relies on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Devesh Sawant , Manjesh K. Hanawal , Atul Kabra

Vulnerability identification constitutes a task of high importance for cyber security. It is quite helpful for locating and fixing vulnerable functions in large applications. However, this task is rather challenging owing to the absence of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Ammar Ahmed , Anwar Said , Mudassir Shabbir , Xenofon Koutsoukos

Traditional vulnerability detection methods rely heavily on predefined rule matching, which often fails to capture vulnerabilities accurately. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), leveraging their ability to understand code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xiang Li , Yueci Su , Jiahao Liu , Zhiwei Lin , Yuebing Hou , Peiming Gao , Yuanchao Zhang

In software, a vulnerability is a defect in a program that attackers might utilize to acquire unauthorized access, alter system functions, and acquire information. These vulnerabilities arise from programming faults, design flaws, incorrect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Md. Fahim Sultan , Tasmin Karim , Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon , Mohammad Wardat , Mst Shapna Akter

Threat analysis is continuously growing in importance due to the always-increasing complexity and frequency of cyber attacks. Analyzing threats demands significant effort from security experts: different cybersecurity knowledge bases…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Andrea Ciavotta , Alessandro Palma , Simone Lenti , Silvia Bonomi

The National Vulnerability Database (NVD) publishes over a thousand new vulnerabilities monthly, with a projected 25 percent increase in 2024, highlighting the crucial need for rapid vulnerability identification to mitigate cybersecurity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Rikhiya Ghosh , Hans-Martin von Stockhausen , Martin Schmitt , George Marica Vasile , Sanjeev Kumar Karn , Oladimeji Farri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a popular choice in vulnerability detection studies given their foundational capabilities, open source availability, and variety of models, but have limited scalability due to extensive compute…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Miles Farmer , Ekincan Ufuktepe , Anne Watson , Hialo Muniz Carvalho , Vadim Okun , Zineb Maasaoui , Kannappan Palaniappan

Detecting security vulnerabilities in open-source software is a critical task that is highly regarded in the related research communities. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature for detecting vulnerable codes and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Nima Atashin , Behrouz Tork Ladani , Mohammadreza Sharbaf

Context: Coordination is a fundamental tenet of software engineering. Coordination is required also for identifying discovered and disclosed software vulnerabilities with Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs). Motivated by recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Jukka Ruohonen , Sampsa Rauti , Sami Hyrynsalmi , Ville Leppänen

Vulnerability detection is an important issue in software security. Although various data-driven vulnerability detection methods have been proposed, the task remains challenging since the diversity and complexity of real-world vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Weining Zheng , Yuan Jiang , Xiaohong Su

Software vulnerabilities (SVs) have emerged as a prevalent and critical concern for safety-critical security systems. This has spurred significant advancements in utilizing AI-based methods, including machine learning and deep learning, for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Van Nguyen , Surya Nepal , Tingmin Wu , Xingliang Yuan , Carsten Rudolph

Security assessment relies on public information about products, vulnerabilities, and weaknesses. So far, databases in these categories have rarely been analyzed in combination. Yet, doing so could help predict unreported vulnerabilities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Zhenpeng Shi , Nikolay Matyunin , Kalman Graffi , David Starobinski

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) are pivotal information for proactive cybersecurity measures, including service patching, security hardening, and more. However, CVEs typically offer low-level, product-oriented descriptions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Ehsan Aghaei , Ehab Al-Shaer , Waseem Shadid , Xi Niu

Automated detection of software vulnerabilities is critical for enhancing security, yet existing methods often struggle with the complexity and diversity of modern codebases. In this paper, we introduce EnStack, a novel ensemble stacking…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Shahriyar Zaman Ridoy , Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon , Alfredo Cuzzocrea , Mst Shapna Akter

The increasing complexity of modern software systems has led to a rise in vulnerabilities that malicious actors can exploit. Traditional methods of vulnerability detection, such as static and dynamic analysis, have limitations in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Amanpreet Singh Saimbhi