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For every constant $d$, we design a subexponential time deterministic algorithm that takes as input a multivariate polynomial $f$ given as a constant depth algebraic circuit over the field of rational numbers, and outputs all irreducible…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Mrinal Kumar , Varun Ramanathan , Ramprasad Saptharishi

While efficient randomized algorithms for factorization of polynomials given by algebraic circuits have been known for decades, obtaining an even slightly non-trivial deterministic algorithm for this problem has remained an open question of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Somnath Bhattacharjee , Mrinal Kumar , Varun Ramanathan , Ramprasad Saptharishi , Shubhangi Saraf

We show that algebraic formulas and constant-depth circuits are closed under taking factors. In other words, we show that if a multivariate polynomial over a field of characteristic zero has a small constant-depth circuit or formula, then…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Somnath Bhattacharjee , Mrinal Kumar , Shanthanu S. Rai , Varun Ramanathan , Ramprasad Saptharishi , Shubhangi Saraf

Designing a deterministic polynomial time algorithm for factoring univariate polynomials over finite fields remains a notorious open problem. In this paper, we present an unconditional deterministic algorithm that takes as input an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Daniel Altman

For a polynomial $f$ from a class $\mathcal{C}$ of polynomials, we show that the problem to compute all the constant degree irreducible factors of $f$ reduces in polynomial time to polynomial identity tests (PIT) for class $\mathcal{C}$ and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Pranjal Dutta , Amit Sinhababu , Thomas Thierauf

Let $C$ be a depth-3 arithmetic circuit of size at most $s$, computing a polynomial $ f \in \mathbb{F}[x_1,\ldots, x_n] $ (where $\mathbb{F}$ = $\mathbb{Q}$ or $\mathbb{C}$) and the fan-in of the product gates of $C$ is bounded by $d$. We…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-05-22 V. Arvind , Abhranil Chatterjee , Rajit Datta , Partha Mukhopadhyay

The problem of finding a nontrivial factor of a polynomial f(x) over a finite field F_q has many known efficient, but randomized, algorithms. The deterministic complexity of this problem is a famous open question even assuming the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Manuel Arora , Gábor Ivanyos , Marek Karpinski , Nitin Saxena

We study sparse polynomials with bounded individual degree and their factors, obtaining the following structural and algorithmic results. 1. A deterministic polynomial-time algorithm to find all sparse divisors of a sparse polynomial of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Aminadav Chuyoon , Amir Shpilka

We develop efficient randomized algorithms to solve the black-box reconstruction problem for polynomials over finite fields, computable by depth three arithmetic circuits with alternating addition/multiplication gates, such that output gate…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Gaurav Sinha

A subalgebraic approximation algorithm is proposed to estimate from a set of time series the parameters of the observer representation of a discrete-time polynomial system without inputs which can generate an approximation of the observed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-07-09 Jana Němcová , Mihály Petreczky , Jan H. van Schuppen

In this paper we study the problem of deterministic factorization of sparse polynomials. We show that if $f \in \mathbb{F}[x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{n}]$ is a polynomial with $s$ monomials, with individual degrees of its variables bounded by…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2018-08-22 Vishwas Bhargava , Shubhangi Saraf , Ilya Volkovich

In (Kabanets, Impagliazzo, 2004) it is shown how to decide the circuit polynomial identity testing problem (CPIT) in deterministic subexponential time, assuming hardness of some explicit multilinear polynomial family for arithmetical…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-10-09 Maurice Jansen

We present a new algorithm for the computation of the irreducible factors of degree at most $d$, with multiplicity, of multivariate lacunary polynomials over fields of characteristic zero. The algorithm reduces this computation to the…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2014-07-11 Bruno Grenet

In a sequence of seminal results in the 80's, Kaltofen showed that the complexity class VP is closed under taking factors. A natural question in this context is to understand if other natural classes of multivariate polynomials, for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-03-19 Chi-Ning Chou , Mrinal Kumar , Noam Solomon

An efficient randomized polynomial identity test for noncommutative polynomials given by noncommutative arithmetic circuits remains an open problem. The main bottleneck to applying known techniques is that a noncommutative circuit of size…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-11-23 Vikraman Arvind , Pushkar Joglekar , Partha Mukhopadhyay , S Raja

We present a polynomial-time pseudo-deterministic algorithm for constructing irreducible polynomial of degree $d$ over finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$. A pseudo-deterministic algorithm is allowed to use randomness, but with high probability it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shanthanu S Rai

We show that the GCD of two univariate polynomials can be computed by (piece-wise) algebraic circuits of constant depth and polynomial size over any sufficiently large field, regardless of the characteristic. This extends a recent result of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Somnath Bhattacharjee , Mrinal Kumar , Shanthanu Rai , Varun Ramanathan , Ramprasad Saptharishi , Shubhangi Saraf

We study deterministic polynomial identity testing (PIT) and reconstruction algorithms for depth-$4$ arithmetic circuits of the form \[ \Sigma^{[r]}\!\wedge^{[d]}\!\Sigma^{[s]}\!\Pi^{[\delta]}. \] This model generalizes Waring…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Amir Shpilka , Yann Tal

Based on a theorem of Bergman we show that multivariate noncommutative polynomial factorization is deterministic polynomial-time reducible to the factorization of bivariate noncommutative polynomials. More precisely, we show the following:…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-03-13 V. Arvind , Pushkar S. Joglekar

We address the black-box polynomial identity testing (PIT) problem for non-commutative polynomials computed by $+$-regular circuits, a class of homogeneous circuits introduced by [AJMR](STOC 2017, Theory of Computing 2019). These circuits…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-02-11 G V Sumukha Bharadwaj , S Raja
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