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Finetuning large language models requires huge GPU memory, restricting the choice to acquire Larger models. While the quantized version of the Low-Rank Adaptation technique, named QLoRA, significantly alleviates this issue, finding the…

This paper investigates and validates the impact of fine-tuning on large language model performance, focusing on parameter-efficient methods (LoRA and QLoRA). We evaluate model capabilities across three key domains: (1) commonsense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Qingda , Mai

The goal of this paper is to investigate an approach for derivative-free optimization that has not received sufficient attention in the literature and is yet one of the simplest to implement and parallelize. It consists of computing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-22 Hao-Jun Michael Shi , Melody Qiming Xuan , Figen Oztoprak , Jorge Nocedal

In this paper, we propose SubLoRA, a rank determination method for Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) based on submodular function maximization. In contrast to prior approaches, such as AdaLoRA, that rely on first-order (linearized) approximations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Yihang Gao , Vincent Y. F. Tan

We propose TLoRA, a novel tri-matrix low-rank adaptation method that decomposes weight updates into three matrices: two fixed random matrices and one trainable matrix, combined with a learnable, layer-wise scaling factor. This tri-matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Tanvir Islam

Modern optimizers like Adam and Muon are central to training large language models, but their reliance on first- and second-order momenta introduces significant memory overhead, which constrains scalability and computational efficiency. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zhengbo Wang , Jian Liang , Ran He , Zilei Wang , Tieniu Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, particularly in task generalization for both text and vision data. While fine-tuning these models can significantly enhance their performance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Navyansh Mahla , Kshitij Sharad Jadhav , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a widely used technique for adapting large language models (LLMs) to new domains, due to its modular design and broad availability on platforms such as HuggingFace. This availability has motivated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Ziyi Han , Huanyu Wang , Zeyu Zhang , Xiangxiang Dai , Xutong Liu , John C. S. Lui

We propose a neural language modeling system based on low-rank adaptation (LoRA) for speech recognition output rescoring. Although pretrained language models (LMs) like BERT have shown superior performance in second-pass rescoring, the high…

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods have gained considerable popularity for adapting large-scale models to downstream tasks, particularly LoRA and its variants. Existing methods perform low-rank adaptation over the full parameter space.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yi Zhang , Yulei Kang , Haoxuan Chen , Jinxuan Li , Jian-Fang Hu

In addressing the computational and memory demands of fine-tuning Large Language Models(LLMs), we propose LoRA-SP(Streamlined Partial Parameter Adaptation), a novel approach utilizing randomized half-selective parameter freezing within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yichao Wu , Yafei Xiang , Shuning Huo , Yulu Gong , Penghao Liang

While test-time fine-tuning is beneficial in few-shot learning, the need for multiple backpropagation steps can be prohibitively expensive in real-time or low-resource scenarios. To address this limitation, we propose an approach that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Donggyun Kim , Chanwoo Kim , Seunghoon Hong

Low-rank adaption (LoRA) is a widely used parameter-efficient finetuning method for LLM that reduces memory requirements. However, current LoRA optimizers lack transformation invariance, meaning the actual updates to the weights depends on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Jui-Nan Yen , Si Si , Zhao Meng , Felix Yu , Sai Surya Duvvuri , Inderjit S. Dhillon , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Sanjiv Kumar

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a standard tool for parameter-efficient finetuning of large models. While it induces a small memory footprint, its training dynamics can be surprisingly complex as they depend on several hyperparameters such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Nan Chen , Soledad Villar , Soufiane Hayou

As one of the most popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is commonly applied to fine-tune large language models (LLMs). However, updating the weights of LoRA blocks effectively and expeditiously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Shuhua Shi , Shaohan Huang , Minghui Song , Zhoujun Li , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang

In this paper, we introduce Symmetric Low-Rank Adapters, an optimized variant of LoRA with even fewer weights. This method utilizes Low-Rank Symmetric Weight Matrices to learn downstream tasks more efficiently. Traditional LoRA accumulates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Tales Panoutsos , Rodrygo L. T. Santos , Flavio Figueiredo

Among the widely used parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, LoRA and its variants have gained considerable popularity because of avoiding additional inference costs. However, there still often exists an accuracy gap between these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Shih-Yang Liu , Chien-Yi Wang , Hongxu Yin , Pavlo Molchanov , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Min-Hung Chen

Code embeddings are essential for semantic code search; however, current approaches often struggle to capture the precise syntactic and contextual nuances inherent in code. Open-source models such as CodeBERT and UniXcoder exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Saumya Chaturvedi , Aman Chadha , Laurent Bindschaedler

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks has made them crucial in the development of AI-based applications. However, the high computational requirements to fine-tune these LLMs on downstream tasks pose significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Raul Singh , Nicolo Brunello , Vincenzo Scotti , Mark James Carman

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a widely used parameter-efficient fine-tuning method that places trainable low-rank adapters into frozen pre-trained models. Recent studies show that using fewer LoRA adapters may still maintain or even improve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Suoxin Zhang , Run He , Di Fang , Xiang Tan , Kaixuan Chen , Huiping Zhuang