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We present a simple method for constructing optimal fault-tolerant approximations of arbitrary unitary gates using an arbitrary discrete universal gate set. The method presented is numerical and scales exponentially with the number of gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-25 Austin G. Fowler

The essential insight of quantum error correction was that quantum information can be protected by suitably encoding this quantum information across multiple independently erred quantum systems. Recently it was realized that, since the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dave Bacon , Andrea Casaccino

In this paper we propose and analyze an energy stable numerical scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard equation, with second order accuracy in time and the fourth order finite difference approximation in space. In particular, the truncation error for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-12-19 Kelong Cheng , Wenqiang Feng , Cheng Wang , Steven M. Wise

This paper is concerned with numerical analysis of two fully discrete Chorin-type projection methods for the stochastic Stokes equations with general non-solenoidal multiplicative noise. The first scheme is the standard Chorin scheme and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-08-03 Xiaobing Feng , Liet Vo

Correcting errors in real time is essential for reliable large-scale quantum computations. Realizing this high-level function requires a system capable of several low-level primitives, including single-qubit and two-qubit operations,…

The quantum paradigm presents a phenomenon known as degeneracy that should improve the performance of quantum error correcting codes. However, the effects of this mechanism are sometimes ignored when evaluating the performance of sparse…

We propose a general method for preparing stabilizer states with reduced two-qubit gate count and depth compared to the state of the art. The method starts from a graph state representation of the stabilizer state and iteratively reduces…

We identify regimes where post-selection can be used scalably in quantum error correction (QEC) to improve performance. We use statistical mechanical models to analytically quantify the performance and thresholds of post-selected QEC, with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Lucas H. English , Dominic J. Williamson , Stephen D. Bartlett

Large-scale quantum computers will inevitably need quantum error correction (QEC) to protect information against decoherence. Given that the overhead of such error correction is often formidable, autonomous quantum error correction (AQEC)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-11 Ziqian Li , Tanay Roy , David Rodríguez Pérez , David I. Schuster , Eliot Kapit

We introduce a framework called spacetime concatenation for fault-tolerant compilation of syndrome extraction circuits of stabilizer codes. Spacetime concatenation enables efficient compilation of syndrome extraction circuits into dynamical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Yichen Xu , Arpit Dua

We present a method of concatenated quantum error correction in which improved classical processing is used with existing quantum codes and fault-tolerant circuits to more reliably correct errors. Rather than correcting each level of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-26 Zachary W. E. Evans , Ashley M. Stephens

We present optimized distillation schemes for preparing Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. Our approach relies on training variational quantum circuits with white noise affected GHZ states as inputs. Optimizing for a single iteration…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Áron Rozgonyi , Gábor Széchenyi , Orsolya Kálmán , Tamás Kiss

Postselected quantum computation is distinguished from regular quantum computation by accepting the output only if measurement outcomes satisfy predetermined conditions. The output must be accepted with nonzero probability. Methods for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Knill

Radio frequency knock out resonant slow extraction is a standard method for extracting stored particle beams from synchrotrons by transverse excitation. Excitation signals comprising many betatron sidebands have shown to reduce intensity…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Philipp Niedermayer , Rahul Singh , Eike Feldmeier , Christian Schömers , Marcel Hun

Post-selection strategies that discard low-confidence computational results can significantly improve the effective fidelity of quantum error correction at the cost of reduced acceptance rates, which can be particularly useful for offline…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Seok-Hyung Lee , Lucas H. English , Stephen D. Bartlett

Tomography has reached its practical limits in characterization of new quantum devices, and there is a need for a new means of characterizing and validating new technological advances in this field. We propose a different verification…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-15 Omar Gamel , Daniel F. V. James

Quantum error correction (QEC) is an essential step towards realising scalable quantum computers. Theoretically, it is possible to achieve arbitrarily long protection of quantum information from corruption due to decoherence or imperfect…

The standard quantum error correction protocols use projective measurements to extract the error syndromes from the encoded states. We consider the more general scenario of weak measurements, where only partial information about the error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-31 Parveen Kumar , Apoorva Patel

Conventional fault-tolerant quantum error-correction schemes require a number of extra qubits that grows linearly with the code's maximum stabilizer generator weight. For some common distance-three codes, the recent "flag paradigm" uses…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-07 Rui Chao , Ben W. Reichardt

Quantum computers hold the promise of solving computational problems which are intractable using conventional methods. For fault-tolerant operation quantum computers must correct errors occurring due to unavoidable decoherence and limited…