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A (1,{\lambda})-embedded graph is a graph that can be embedded on a surface with Euler characteristic {\lambda} so that each edge is crossed by at most one other edge. A graph G is called {\alpha}-linear if there exists an integral constant…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-12-08 Xin Zhang , Guizhen Liu , Jian-Liang Wu

An incidence of a graph $G$ is a pair $(u,e)$ where $u$ is a vertex of $G$ and $e$ is an edge of $G$ incident with $u$. Two incidences $(u,e)$ and $(v,f)$ of $G$ are adjacent whenever (i) $u=v$, or (ii) $e=f$, or (iii) $uv=e$ or $uv=f$. An…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-18 Sungsik Kang , Boram Park

An \textit{$(n,m)$-graph} $G$ is a graph having both arcs and edges, and its arcs (resp., edges) are labeled using one of the $n$ (resp., $m$) different symbols. An \textit{$(n,m)$-complete graph} $G$ is an $(n,m)$-graph without loops or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Susobhan Bandopadhyay , Sagnik Sen , S Taruni

A weighted graph $G^{\omega}$ consists of a simple graph $G$ with a weight $\omega$, which is a mapping,$\omega$: $E(G)\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}\backslash\{0\}$. A signed graph is a graph whose edges are labeled with $-1$ or $1$. In this paper,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-24 S. Akbari , A. Ghafari , K. Kazemian , M. Nahvi

Assume $L$ is a $k$-list assignment of a graph $G$. A $d$-defective $m$-fold $L$-colouring $\phi$ of $G$ assigns to each vertex $v$ a set $\phi(v)$ of $m$ colours, so that $\phi(v) \subseteq L(v)$ for each vertex $v$, and for each colour…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-17 Ming Han , Xuding Zhu

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph. A subset $D\subseteq V$ is a dominating set if every vertex not in $D$ is adjacent to a vertex in $D$. A dominating set $D$ is called a total dominating set if every vertex in $D$ is adjacent to a vertex in $D$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-09-09 Fu-Tao Hu , Jun-Ming Xu

We study the generalization of the game Lights Out in which the standard square grid board is replaced by a graph. We examine the probability that, when a graph is chosen uniformly at random from the set of graphs with $n$ vertices and $e$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-14 Bradley Forrest , Riya Goyal

Let $\partial_H(u)$ be the set of edges incident with a vertex $u$ in the graph $H$. We say that a graph $G$ is $H$-colorable if there exist total functions $f : E(G) \rightarrow E(H)$ and $g : V(G) \rightarrow V(H)$ such that $f$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-12 Jorik Jooken

A graph $G$ is said to be perfectly divisible if for every induced subgraph $H$ of $G$ with at least one edge, the vertex set $V(H)$ can be partitioned into two sets $A, B$ such that $H[A]$ is perfect and $\omega(B) < \omega(H)$. It is easy…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Hongzhang Chen , Kaiyang Lan , Wenlong Zhong

A simple graph $G=(V,E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ iff $xy\in E$. Word-representable graphs generalize several important classes of graphs. A graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-03 Özgür Akgün , Ian P. Gent , Sergey Kitaev , Hans Zantema

A graph $G$ is embeddable in $\mathbb{R}^d$ if vertices of $G$ can be assigned with points of $\mathbb{R}^d$ in such a way that all pairs of adjacent vertices are at the distance 1. We show that verifying embeddability of a given graph in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-10-22 Mikhail Tikhomirov

For given graph $H$ and graphical property $P$, the conditional chromatic number $\chi(H,P)$ of $H$, is the smallest number $k$, so that $V(H)$ can be decomposed into sets $V_1,V_2,\ldots, V_k$, in which $H[V_i]$ satisfies the property $P$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Yaser Rowshan

An equitable coloring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a (proper) vertex-coloring of $G$, such that the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most one. In this paper, we consider the equitable coloring problem in block graphs. Recall that the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Hanna Furmańczyk , Vahan Mkrtchyan

A graph $G = (V, E)$ is \emph{partitionable} if there exists a partition $\{A, B\}$ of $V$ such that $A$ induces a disjoint union of cliques and $B$ induces a triangle-free graph. In this paper we investigate the computational complexity of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-01-06 Faisal N. Abu-Khzam , Carl Feghali , Haiko Müller

A graph G is equimatchable if every maximal matching of G has the same cardinality. In this paper, we investigate equimatchable graphs such that the removal of any edge harms the equimatchability, called edge-critical equimatchable graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-17 Zakir Deniz , Tınaz Ekim

A total labeling of a graph $G = (V, E)$ is said to be local total antimagic if it is a bijection $f: V\cup E \to\{1,\ldots ,|V|+|E|\}$ such that adjacent vertices, adjacent edges, and incident vertex and edge have distinct induced weights…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-02 G. C. Lau

A graph is regularizable if it is possible to assign weights to its edges so that all nodes have the same degree. Weights can be positive, nonnegative or arbitrary as soon as the regularization degree is not null. Positive and nonnegative…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-07-03 Massimo Franceschet , Enrico Bozzo

Let $G$ be a graph and $t$ a nonnegative integer. Suppose $f$ is a mapping from the vertex set of $G$ to $\{1,2,\dots, k\}$. If, for any vertex $u$ of $G$, the number of neighbors $v$ of $u$ with $f(v)=f(u)$ is less than or equal to $t$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-15 Jun Lan , Wensong Lin

A graph $G$ is called an $[s,t]$-graph if any induced subgraph of $G$ of order $s$ has size at least $t.$ We prove that every $2$-connected $[4,2]$-graph of order at least $7$ is pancyclic. This strengthens existing results. There are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Xingzhi Zhan

A k-tree is either a complete graph on (k+1) vertices or given a k-tree G' with n vertices, a k-tree G with (n+1) vertices can be constructed by introducing a new vertex v and picking a k-clique Q in G' and then joining each vertex u in Q.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-03-25 Suresh Badarla , R Rama
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