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CRYSTAL-Kyber (Kyber) is one of the post-quantum cryptography (PQC) key-encapsulation mechanism (KEM) schemes selected during the standardization process. This paper addresses optimization for Kyber architecture with respect to latency and…
Post-Quantum Cryptographic (PQC) algorithms are mathematically secure and resistant to quantum attacks but can still leak sensitive information in hardware implementations due to natural faults or intentional fault injections. The intent…
Kyber is a lattice-based key encapsulation mechanism selected for standardization by the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) project. A critical component of Kyber's key generation process is the sampling of matrix elements from a uniform…
Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is the most essential component for polynomial multiplications used in lattice-based Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms such as Kyber, Dilithium, NTRU etc. However, side-channel attacks (SCA) and…
The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is an indispensable tool for computing efficient polynomial multiplications in post-quantum lattice-based cryptography. It has strong resemblance with the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which is the most…
Number theoretic transform (NTT) is the most efficient method for multiplying two polynomials of high degree with integer coefficients, due to its series of advantages in terms of algorithm and implementation, and is consequently…
Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is an essential mathematical tool for computing polynomial multiplication in promising lattice-based cryptography. However, costly division operations and complex data dependencies make efficient and…
Polynomial multiplication is one of the fundamental operations in many applications, such as fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). However, the computational inefficiency stemming from polynomials with many large-bit coefficients poses a…
Large-degree polynomial multiplication is an integral component of post-quantum secure lattice-based cryptographic algorithms like CRYSTALS-Kyber and Dilithium. The computational complexity of large-degree polynomial multiplication can be…
A fault can occur naturally or intentionally. However, intentionally injecting faults into hardware accelerators of Post-Quantum Cryptographic (PQC) algorithms may leak sensitive information. This intentional fault injection in side-channel…
We propose a post-selection technique, based on quantum error detection, for quantum key distribution (QKD) systems that run over quantum repeaters with encoding. In such repeaters, quantum error correction techniques are used for…
Encoding in a high-dimensional Hilbert space improves noise resilience in quantum information processing. This approach, however, may result in cross-mode coupling and detection complexities, thereby reducing quantum cryptography…
The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) can be regarded as a variant of the Discrete Fourier Transform. NTT has been quite a powerful mathematical tool in developing Post-Quantum Cryptography and Homomorphic Encryption. The Fourier Transform…
Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a practical solution for secure communication between two distinct parties via a quantum channel and an authentic public channel. In this work, we consider different approaches to the quantum bit error…
The resource overhead required to achieve net computational benefits from quantum error correction (QEC) limits its utility while current systems remain constrained in size, despite exceptional progress in experimental demonstrations. In…
Neural Networks are currently one of the most widely deployed machine learning algorithms. In particular, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), are gaining popularity and are evaluated for deployment in safety critical applications such as…
Quantum error detection (QED) offers a promising pathway to fault tolerance in near-term quantum devices by balancing error suppression with minimal resource overhead. However, its practical utility hinges on optimizing design…
The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is a critical computational bottleneck in many lattice-based postquantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms. By leveraging the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm, the NTT of a polynomial of degree N - 1…
Typically, fault-tolerant operations and code concatenation are reserved for quantum error correction due to their resource overhead. Here, we show that fault tolerant operations have a large impact on the performance of symmetry based…
Quantum error correction (QEC) is an essential concept for any quantum information processing device. Typically, QEC is designed with minimal assumptions about the noise process; this generic assumption exacts a high cost in efficiency and…