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A vigorous and growing set of technical debt analysis tools have been developed in recent years -- both research tools and industrial products -- such as Structure 101, SonarQube, and DV8. Each of these tools identifies problematic files…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jason Lefever , Yuanfang Cai , Humberto Cervantes , Rick Kazman , Hongzhou Fang

Background. Technical debt (TD) has long been one of the key factors influencing the maintainability of software products. It represents technical compromises that sacrifice long-term software quality for potential short-term benefits.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Xiaozhou Li , Matteo Esposito , Andrea Janes , Valentina Lenarduzzi

Context: There is an increase in the investment and development of data-intensive (DI) solutions, systems that manage large amounts of data. Without careful management, this growing investment will also grow associated technical debt (TD).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Ulrike M. Graetsch , Rashina Hoda , Hourieh Khalazjadeh , Mojtaba Shahin , John Grundy

Technical Debt is a common issue that arises when short-term gains are prioritized over long-term costs, leading to a degradation in the quality of the code. Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) is a specific type of Technical Debt that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Shima Esfandiari , Ashkan Sami

Developers sometimes choose design and implementation shortcuts due to the pressure from tight release schedules. However, shortcuts introduce technical debt that increases as the software evolves. The debt needs to be repaid as fast as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Biruk Asmare Muse , Csaba Nagy , Anthony Cleve , Foutse Khomh , Giuliano Antoniol

Context: Technical Debt is a metaphor used to describe code that is "not quite right." Although TD studies have gained momentum, TD has yet to be studied as thoroughly in non-Object-Oriented (OO) or scientific software such as R. R is a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Zadia Codabux , Melina Vidoni , Fatemeh H. Fard

Context: Technical Debt needs to be managed to avoid disastrous consequences, and investigating developers' habits concerning technical debt management is invaluable information in software development. Objective: This study aims to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Zadia Codabux , Christopher Dutchyn

Technical debt denotes shortcuts taken during software development, mostly for the sake of expedience. When such shortcuts are admitted explicitly by developers (e.g., writing a TODO/Fixme comment), they are termed as Self-Admitted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yikun Li , Mohamed Soliman , Paris Avgeriou , Lou Somers

Technical debt (TD) refers to suboptimal choices during software development that achieve short-term goals at the expense of long-term quality. Although developers often informally discuss TD, the concept has not yet crystalized into a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Ipek Ozkaya , Zachary Kurtz , Robert L. Nord , Raghvinder S. Sangwan , Satish M. Srinivasan

Context: Technical debt (TD) is a widely studied metaphor that helps to explain how sub-optimal decisions that can harm software maintainability over time. Although incurring TD is not intrinsically bad, tracking and managing TD are crucial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 João Paulo Biazotto , Daniel Feitosa , Paris Avgeriou , Elisa Yumi Nakagawa

Technical debt is a metaphor indicating sub-optimal solutions implemented for short-term benefits by sacrificing the long-term maintainability and evolvability of software. A special type of technical debt is explicitly admitted by software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Yikun Li , Mohamed Soliman , Paris Avgeriou

Technical Debt (TD) identification in software projects issues is crucial for maintaining code quality, reducing long-term maintenance costs, and improving overall project health. This study advances TD classification using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Karthik Shivashankar , Mili Orucevic , Maren Maritsdatter Kruke , Antonio Martini

Technical Debts (TD) are problems of the internal software quality. They are often contracted due to tight project deadlines, for example quick fixes and workarounds, and can make future changes more costly or impossible. TD prevention…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Marion Wiese , Matthias Riebisch , Julian Schwarze

The development of Machine Learning (ML)- and, more recently, of Deep Learning (DL)-intensive systems requires suitable choices, e.g., in terms of technology, algorithms, and hyper-parameters. Such choices depend on developers' experience,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Federica Pepe , Fiorella Zampetti , Antonio Mastropaolo , Gabriele Bavota , Massimiliano Di Penta

Technical debt (TD) refers to the long-term costs associated with suboptimal design or code decisions in software development, often made to meet short-term delivery goals. Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) occurs when developers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Edi Sutoyo , Andrea Capiluppi

Serverless computing is a cloud execution model where developers run code, and the server management is handled by the cloud provider. Serverless computing is increasingly gaining popularity as more systems adopt it to enhance scalability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Hasini Sumalee Perera , Zadia Codabux , Fabio Palomba

Technical debt is often the result of Short Run decisions made during code development, which can lead to long-term maintenance costs and risks. Hence, evaluating the progression of a project and understanding related code quality aspects…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Benedikt Dornauer , Michael Felderer , Johannes Weinzerl , Mircea-Cristian Racasan , Martin Hess

Developers often opt for easier but non-optimal implementation to meet deadlines or create rapid prototypes, leading to additional effort known as technical debt to improve the code later. Oftentimes, developers explicitly document the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ibuki Nakamura , Yutaro Kashiwa , Bin Lin , Hajimu Iida

Technical Debt occurs when development teams favour short-term operability over long-term stability. Since this places software maintainability at risk, technical debt requires early attention to avoid paying for accumulated interest. Most…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Abdulaziz Alhefdhi , Hoa Khanh Dam , Yusuf Sulistyo Nugroho , Hideaki Hata , Takashi Ishio , Aditya Ghose

Self-admitted technical debt (SATD) refers to technical debt that is intentionally introduced by developers and explicitly documented in code comments or other software artifacts (e.g., issue reports) to annotate sub-optimal decisions made…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Jerin Yasmin , Mohammad Sadegh Sheikhaei , Yuan Tian