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Much research on software testing makes an implicit assumption that test failures are deterministic such that they always witness the presence of the same defects. However, this assumption is not always true because some test failures are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Maxime Cordy , Renaud Rwemalika , Mike Papadakis , Mark Harman

As a promising distributed machine learning paradigm, Federated Learning (FL) enables all the involved devices to train a global model collaboratively without exposing their local data privacy. However, for non-IID scenarios, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Ming Hu , Tian Liu , Zhiwei Ling , Zhihao Yue , Mingsong Chen

Non-deterministically passing and failing test cases, so-called flaky tests, have recently become a focus area of software engineering research. While this research focus has been met with some enthusiastic endorsement from industry, prior…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Martin Gruber , Gordon Fraser

Research Proposal in Automated Fix Detection

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-10-08 David Landsberg , Earl Barr

Prevalent Fault Localization (FL) techniques rely on tests to localize buggy program elements. Tests could be treated as fuel to further boost FL by providing more debugging information. Therefore, it is highly valuable to measure the Fault…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yifan Zhao , Zeyu Sun , Guoqing Wang , Qingyuan Liang , Yakun Zhang , Yiling Lou , Dan Hao , Lu Zhang

The role of regression testing in software testing is crucial as it ensures that any new modifications do not disrupt the existing functionality and behaviour of the software system. The desired outcome is for regression tests to yield…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Xin Sun , Daniel Ståhl , Kristian Sandahl

Flaky tests obstruct software development, and studying and proposing mitigations against them has therefore become an important focus of software engineering research. To conduct sound investigations on test flakiness, it is crucial to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Martin Gruber , Gordon Fraser

Like classical software, quantum software systems rely on automated testing. However, their inherently probabilistic outputs make them susceptible to quantum flakiness -- tests that pass or fail inconsistently without code changes. Such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Janakan Sivaloganathan , Ainaz Jamshidi , Andriy Miranskyy , Lei Zhang

Flaky tests produce inconsistent outcomes without code changes, creating major challenges for software developers. An industrial case study reported that developers spend 1.28% of their time repairing flaky tests at a monthly cost of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Owain Parry , Gregory Kapfhammer , Michael Hilton , Phil McMinn

Test flakiness, a non-deterministic behavior of builds irrelevant to code changes, is a major and continuing impediment to delivering reliable software. The very few techniques for the automated repair of test flakiness are specifically…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yang Chen , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

Flaky tests, which exhibit non-deterministic pass/fail behavior for the same version of code, pose significant challenges to reliable regression testing. While large language models (LLMs) promise for automated flaky test classification,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Khondaker Tasnia Hoque , Toukir Ahammed

Flaky tests are tests that nondeterministically pass and fail in unchanged code. These tests can be detrimental to developers' productivity. Particularly when tests run in continuous integration environments, the tests may be competing for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Denini Silva , Martin Gruber , Satyajit Gokhale , Ellen Arteca , Alexi Turcotte , Marcelo d'Amorim , Wing Lam , Stefan Winter , Jonathan Bell

Flaky tests can make automated software testing unreliable due to their unpredictable behavior. These tests can pass or fail on the same code base on multiple runs. However, flaky tests often do not refer to any fault, even though they can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hasnain Iqbal , Zerina Begum , Kazi Sakib

Background: Test flakiness is identified as a major issue that compromises the regression testing process of complex software systems. Flaky tests manifest non-deterministic behaviour, send confusing signals to developers, and break their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Sarra Habchi , Maxime Cordy , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

Flaky tests, tests that pass or fail nondeterministically without changes to code or environment, pose a serious threat to software reliability. While classical software engineering has developed a rich body of dynamic and static techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Dongchan Kim , Hamidreza Khoramrokh , Lei Zhang , Andriy Miranskyy

Model evaluation is a critical component in supervised machine learning classification analyses. Traditional metrics do not currently incorporate case difficulty. This renders the classification results unbenchmarked for generalization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Adrienne Kline , Joon Lee

Flaky tests cause significant problems as they can interrupt automated build processes that rely on all tests succeeding and undermine the trustworthiness of tests. Numerous causes of test flakiness have been identified, and program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Jens Dietrich , Shawn Rasheed , Amjed Tahir

The continuous delivery of modern software requires the execution of many automated pipeline jobs. These jobs ensure the frequent release of new software versions while detecting code problems at an early stage. For TELUS, our industrial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Henri Aïdasso , Francis Bordeleau , Ali Tizghadam

Developers always wish to ensure that their latest changes to the code base do not break existing functionality. If test cases fail, they expect these failures to be connected to the submitted changes. Unfortunately, a flaky test can be the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Azeem Ahmad , Ola Leifler , Kristian Sandahl

We report our experience of using failure symptoms, such as error messages or stack traces, to identify flaky test failures in a Continuous Integration (CI) pipeline for a large industrial software system, SAP HANA. Although failure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Gabin An , Juyeon Yoon , Thomas Bach , Jingun Hong , Shin Yoo