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Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (LLMs), which integrate external knowledge, have shown remarkable performance in medical domains, including clinical diagnosis. However, existing RAG methods often struggle to tailor retrieval…

In our study, we evaluated large language model (LLM) performance on pharmacy licensure-style question-answering tasks and developed an external knowledge integration method to improve accuracy. We benchmarked ten LLMs with varying…

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using machine learning techniques for the estimation of treatment effects. Most of the best-performing methods rely on representation learning strategies that encourage shared behavior…

Causal inference methods are widely applied in various decision-making domains such as precision medicine, optimal policy and economics. Central to causal inference is the treatment effect estimation of intervention strategies, such as…

Negative controls are increasingly used to evaluate the presence of potential unmeasured confounding in observational studies. Beyond the use of negative controls to detect the presence of residual confounding, proximal causal inference…

Predicting medications is a crucial task in many intelligent healthcare systems. It can assist doctors in making informed medication decisions for patients according to electronic medical records (EMRs). However, medication prediction is a…

Benefiting from the powerful expressive capability of graphs, graph-based approaches have been popularly applied to handle multi-modal medical data and achieved impressive performance in various biomedical applications. For disease…

Drug combination therapy is a well-established strategy for disease treatment with better effectiveness and less safety degradation. However, identifying novel drug combinations through wet-lab experiments is resource intensive due to the…

Molecular property prediction has attracted substantial attention recently. Accurate prediction of drug properties relies heavily on effective molecular representations. The structures of chemical compounds are commonly represented as…

Training a deep learning model with artificially generated data can be an alternative when training data are scarce, yet it suffers from poor generalization performance due to a large domain gap. In this paper, we characterize the domain…

A major limitation of machine learning (ML) prediction models is that they recover associational, rather than causal, predictive relationships between variables. In high-stakes automation applications of ML this is problematic, as the model…

Medication recommendation is crucial in healthcare, offering effective treatments based on patient's electronic health records (EHR). Previous studies show that integrating more medication-related knowledge improves medication…

Referring medical image segmentation targets delineating lesions indicated by textual descriptions. Aligning visual and textual cues is challenging due to their distinct data properties. Inspired by large-scale pre-trained vision-language…

Class incremental medical image segmentation (CIMIS) aims to preserve knowledge of previously learned classes while learning new ones without relying on old-class labels. However, existing methods 1) either adopt one-size-fits-all…

Biomedical Knowledge Graphs (BKGs) integrate diverse datasets to elucidate complex relationships within the biomedical field. Effective link prediction on these graphs can uncover valuable connections, such as potential novel drug-disease…

Food recommendation systems serve as pivotal components in the realm of digital lifestyle services, designed to assist users in discovering recipes and food items that resonate with their unique dietary predilections. Typically, multi-modal…

The Granger framework is useful for discovering causal relations in time-varying signals. However, most Granger causality (GC) methods are developed for densely sampled timeseries data. A substantially different setting, particularly common…

Recent researches of large language models(LLM), which is pre-trained on massive general-purpose corpora, have achieved breakthroughs in responding human queries. However, these methods face challenges including limited data insufficiency…

The automation of the medical evidence acquisition and diagnosis process has recently attracted increasing attention in order to reduce the workload of doctors and democratize access to medical care. However, most works proposed in the…

Improving generalization and achieving highly predictive, robust machine learning models necessitates learning the underlying causal structure of the variables of interest. A prominent and effective method for this is learning invariant…