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The effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly relies on the quality of the prompts they receive. However, even when processing identical prompts, LLMs can yield varying outcomes due to differences in their training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Fouad Trad , Ali Chehab

Large-language Models (LLMs) have been extremely successful at tasks like complex dialogue understanding, reasoning and coding due to their emergent abilities. These emergent abilities have been extended with multi-modality to include…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Li Yang , Anushya Subbiah , Hardik Patel , Judith Yue Li , Yanwei Song , Reza Mirghaderi , Vikram Aggarwal , Qifan Wang

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) and Evolutionary Computation (EC) represents a promising avenue for advancing artificial intelligence by combining powerful natural language understanding with optimization and search capabilities.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Dikshit Chauhan , Bapi Dutta , Indu Bala , Niki van Stein , Thomas Bäck , Anupam Yadav

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in recommender systems, either improving existing recommendation models or serving as the backbone. However, there exists a large semantic gap between LLMs and recommender…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Bowen Zheng , Yupeng Hou , Hongyu Lu , Yu Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ming Chen , Ji-Rong Wen

In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on cost-sensitive ensemble weighted extreme learning machine; we call this approach AE1-WELM. We apply this approach to text classification. AE1-WELM is an algorithm including balanced and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Ming Li , Peilun Xiao , Ju Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized algorithm development, yet their application in symbolic regression, where algorithms automatically discover symbolic expressions from data, remains limited. In this paper, we propose a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Hengzhe Zhang , Qi Chen , Bing Xue , Wolfgang Banzhaf , Mengjie Zhang

The autonomous decision-making process, which is increasingly applied to computer systems, requires that the choices made by these systems align with human values. In this context, systems must assess how well their decisions reflect human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Eduardo de la Cruz Fernández , Marcelo Karanik , Sascha Ossowski

Large language model (LLM)-enhanced recommendation models inject LLM representations into backbone recommenders to exploit rich item text without inference-time LLM cost. However, we find that existing LLM-enhanced methods significantly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zhangchi Zhu , Wei Zhang

Building a shopping product collection has been primarily a human job. With the manual efforts of craftsmanship, experts collect related but diverse products with common shopping intent that are effective when displayed together, e.g.,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Hiun Kim , Jisu Jeong , Kyung-Min Kim , Dongjun Lee , Hyun Dong Lee , Dongpil Seo , Jeeseung Han , Dong Wook Park , Ji Ae Heo , Rak Yeong Kim

Fine-tuning pre-trained foundational language models (FLM) for specific tasks is often impractical, especially for resource-constrained devices. This necessitates the development of a Lifelong Learning (L3) framework that continuously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Aidin Shiri , Kaushik Roy , Amit Sheth , Manas Gaur

The complementary potential of Large Language Models (LLM) assumes off-the-shelf LLMs have heterogeneous expertise in a wide range of domains and tasks so that an ensemble of LLMs can achieve consistently better performance. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Keming Lu , Hongyi Yuan , Runji Lin , Junyang Lin , Zheng Yuan , Chang Zhou , Jingren Zhou

In this paper, we demonstrate a surprising capability of large language models (LLMs): given only input feature names and a description of a prediction task, they are capable of selecting the most predictive features, with performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Daniel P. Jeong , Zachary C. Lipton , Pradeep Ravikumar

The exponential growth of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has revolutionized artificial intelligence, offering unprecedented capabilities in natural language processing. However, the extensive computational resources required for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ashhadul Islam , Samir Brahim Belhaouari , Amine Bermak

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become powerful tools for annotating unstructured data. However, most existing workflows rely on ad hoc scripts, making reproducibility, robustness, and systematic evaluation difficult. To address these…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Eric Fithian , Kirill Skobelev

This survey explores the fairness of large language models (LLMs) in e-commerce, examining their progress, applications, and the challenges they face. LLMs have become pivotal in the e-commerce domain, offering innovative solutions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Qingyang Ren , Zilin Jiang , Jinghan Cao , Sijia Li , Chiqu Li , Yiyang Liu , Shuning Huo , Tiange He , Yuan Chen

With the widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), enhancing their performance has become a research hotspot. This paper presents a novel multi-prompt ensemble decoding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Jiaxin Guo , Daimeng Wei , Yuanchang Luo , Shimin Tao , Hengchao Shang , Zongyao Li , Shaojun Li , Jinlong Yang , Zhanglin Wu , Zhiqiang Rao , Hao Yang

With the advent of the information explosion era, the importance of recommendation systems in various applications is increasingly significant. Traditional collaborative filtering algorithms are widely used due to their effectiveness in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Xueting Lin , Zhan Cheng , Longfei Yun , Qingyi Lu , Yuanshuai Luo

In this study, we propose a structured methodology that utilizes large language models (LLMs) in a cost-efficient and parsimonious manner, integrating the strengths of scholars and machines while offsetting their respective weaknesses. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Navid Asgari , Benjamin M. Cole

Code vulnerability detection is crucial for ensuring the security and reliability of modern software systems. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising capabilities in this domain. However, notable discrepancies in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Zhihong Sun , Jia Li , Yao Wan , Chuanyi Li , Hongyu Zhang , Zhi jin , Ge Li , Hong Liu , Chen Lyu , Songlin Hu

Ontologies have become essential in today's digital age as a way of organising the vast amount of readily available unstructured text. In providing formal structure to this information, ontologies have immense value and application across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dekai Zhang , Simone Conia , Antonio Rago