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Large Language Models (LLMs) are being increasingly explored as general-purpose tools for recommendation tasks, enabling zero-shot and instruction-following capabilities without the need for task-specific training. While the research…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ethan Bito , Yongli Ren , Estrid He

Recent studies show that large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools for working with natural language, bringing advances in many areas of computational linguistics. However, these models face challenges when applied to low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zhaojun Ding , Zhengliang Liu , Hanqi Jiang , Yizhu Gao , Xiaoming Zhai , Tianming Liu , Ninghao Liu

Information technology has profoundly altered the way humans interact with information. The vast amount of content created, shared, and disseminated online has made it increasingly difficult to access relevant information. Over the past two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Yu Zhang , Shutong Qiao , Jiaqi Zhang , Tzu-Heng Lin , Chen Gao , Yong Li

Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning (MORL) presents significant challenges and opportunities for optimizing multiple objectives in Large Language Models (LLMs). We introduce a MORL taxonomy and examine the advantages and limitations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Lingxiao Kong , Cong Yang , Oya Deniz Beyan , Zeyd Boukhers

Fueled by their remarkable ability to tackle diverse tasks across multiple domains, large language models (LLMs) have grown at an unprecedented rate, with some recent models containing trillions of parameters. This growth is accompanied by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Athanasios Glentis , Jiaxiang Li , Qiulin Shang , Andi Han , Ioannis Tsaknakis , Quan Wei , Mingyi Hong

Participatory urban planning is the mainstream of modern urban planning and involves the active engagement of different stakeholders. However, the traditional participatory paradigm encounters challenges in time and manpower, while the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Zhilun Zhou , Yuming Lin , Yong Li

Video procedure planning, i.e., planning a sequence of action steps given the video frames of start and goal states, is an essential ability for embodied AI. Recent works utilize Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate enriched action step…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Dejie Yang , Zijing Zhao , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for next-generation recommender systems, offering strong semantic understanding and natural-language reasoning abilities. Despite recent progress, current LLM-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shijun Li , Wooseong Yang , Yu Wang , Tianxin Wei , Joydeep Ghosh

The scaling laws have become the de facto guidelines for designing large language models (LLMs), but they were studied under the assumption of unlimited computing resources for both training and inference. As LLMs are increasingly used as…

Large language models (LLMs) are routinely pre-trained on billions of tokens, only to start the process over again once new data becomes available. A much more efficient solution is to continually pre-train these models, saving significant…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained popularity in task planning for long-horizon manipulation tasks. To enhance the validity of LLM-generated plans, visual demonstrations and online videos have been widely employed to guide the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Kejia Chen , Zheng Shen , Yue Zhang , Lingyun Chen , Fan Wu , Zhenshan Bing , Sami Haddadin , Alois Knoll

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities across various real-world applications. However, due to the current text-in-text-out paradigm, it remains challenging for LLMs to handle dynamic and complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Timothy Wei , Annabelle Miin , Anastasia Miin

The increasing size and complexity of pre-trained language models have demonstrated superior performance in many applications, but they usually require large training datasets to be adequately trained. Insufficient training sets could…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Yaping Chai , Haoran Xie , Joe S. Qin

In sequential decision-making (SDM) tasks, methods like reinforcement learning (RL) and heuristic search have made notable advances in specific cases. However, they often require extensive exploration and face challenges in generalizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Xue Yan , Yan Song , Xidong Feng , Mengyue Yang , Haifeng Zhang , Haitham Bou Ammar , Jun Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various tasks, including personalized recommendations. Existing evaluation methods often focus on rating prediction, relying on regression errors between actual and predicted ratings. However, user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Zhaoxuan Tan , Zinan Zeng , Qingkai Zeng , Zhenyu Wu , Zheyuan Liu , Fengran Mo , Meng Jiang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great potential for autonomous decision-making in the cybersecurity domain, enabling agents to learn through direct environment interaction. However, RL agents in Autonomous Cyber Operations (ACO)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Konur Tholl , François Rivest , Mariam El Mezouar , Adrian Taylor , Ranwa Al Mallah

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing, mathematical problem solving, and tasks related to program synthesis. However, their effectiveness in long-term planning and higher-order…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Erik Wu , Sayan Mitra

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising basis for creating agents that can tackle complex tasks through iterative environmental interaction. Existing methods either require these agents to mimic expert-provided trajectories or rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Dihong Gong , Pu Lu , Zelong Wang , Meng Zhou , Xiuqiang He

Large language models (LLMs) are promising backbones for generative recommender systems, yet a key challenge remains underexplored: verbalization, i.e., converting structured user interaction logs into effective natural language inputs.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yucheng Shi , Ying Li , Yu Wang , Yesu Feng , Arjun Rao , Rein Houthooft , Shradha Sehgal , Jin Wang , Hao Zhen , Ninghao Liu , Linas Baltrunas

We propose a novel approach for decision making problems leveraging the generalization capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Traditional methods such as expert systems, planning algorithms, and reinforcement learning often exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yu Zhang , Haoxiang Liu , Feijun Jiang , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang