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We present ControlLLM, a novel framework that enables large language models (LLMs) to utilize multi-modal tools for solving complex real-world tasks. Despite the remarkable performance of LLMs, they still struggle with tool invocation due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Zhaoyang Liu , Zeqiang Lai , Zhangwei Gao , Erfei Cui , Ziheng Li , Xizhou Zhu , Lewei Lu , Qifeng Chen , Yu Qiao , Jifeng Dai , Wenhai Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to complete complex tasks by selecting and coordinating external tools across multiple steps. This requires aligning tool choices with subtask intent while satisfying directional execution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xinyi Gao , Xinyu Ren , Junliang Yu , Tong Chen , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Hongzhi Yin

It is evident that the current state of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates the incorporation of external tools. The lack of straightforward algebraic and logical reasoning is well documented and prompted researchers to develop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Eren Unlu

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with external tools has emerged as a promising approach to solving complex problems. However, traditional methods, which finetune LLMs with tool demonstration data, can be both costly and restricted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Shibo Hao , Tianyang Liu , Zhen Wang , Zhiting Hu

The integration of tools in augmenting large language models presents a novel approach toward enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of these models in handling specific, complex tasks. This paper delves into the methodology,challenges, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Zhuocheng Shen

Recently, tool learning with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising paradigm for augmenting the capabilities of LLMs to tackle highly complex problems. Despite growing attention and rapid advancements in this field, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Changle Qu , Sunhao Dai , Xiaochi Wei , Hengyi Cai , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Jun Xu , Ji-Rong Wen

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with external tools has emerged as a promising approach to extend their utility, enabling them to solve practical tasks. Previous methods manually parse tool documentation and create in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zhengliang Shi , Shen Gao , Lingyong Yan , Yue Feng , Xiuyi Chen , Zhumin Chen , Dawei Yin , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

As large language models (LLMs) advance, their inability to autonomously execute tasks by directly interacting with external tools remains a critical limitation. Traditional methods rely on inputting tool descriptions as context, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Renxi Wang , Xudong Han , Lei Ji , Shu Wang , Timothy Baldwin , Haonan Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional reasoning capabilities, enabling them to solve various complex problems. Recently, this ability has been applied to the paradigm of tool learning. Tool learning involves providing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yanming Liu , Xinyue Peng , Jiannan Cao , Yuwei Zhang , Xuhong Zhang , Sheng Cheng , Xun Wang , Jianwei Yin , Tianyu Du

Equipping Large Language Models (LLMs) with external tools enables them to solve complex real-world problems. However, the robustness of existing methods remains a critical challenge when confronting novel or evolving tools. Existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xingjie Gao , Pengcheng Huang , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Zulong Chen , Chen Qian , Ge Yu , Yu Gu

Large language models (LLMs) show an innate skill for solving language based tasks. But insights have suggested an inability to adjust for information or task-solving skills becoming outdated, as their knowledge, stored directly within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jerry Huang , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Sarath Chandar

Graphs are an essential data structure utilized to represent relationships in real-world scenarios. Prior research has established that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) deliver impressive outcomes in graph-centric tasks, such as link prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Xubin Ren , Jiabin Tang , Dawei Yin , Nitesh Chawla , Chao Huang

Tool planning with large language models (LLMs), referring to selecting, organizing, and preparing the tools necessary to complete a user request, bridges the gap between natural language understanding and task execution. However, current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Wenjie Chen , Wenbin Li , Di Yao , Xuying Meng , Chang Gong , Jingping Bi

Graph plays a significant role in representing and analyzing complex relationships in real-world applications such as citation networks, social networks, and biological data. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs), which have achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Yuhan Li , Zhixun Li , Peisong Wang , Jia Li , Xiangguo Sun , Hong Cheng , Jeffrey Xu Yu

The rapid evolution of network technologies and the growing complexity of network tasks necessitate a paradigm shift in how networks are designed, configured, and managed. With a wealth of knowledge and expertise, large language models…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Yudong Huang , Hongyang Du , Xinyuan Zhang , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Shuo Wang , Tao Huang

Tool learning enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to interact with external environments by invoking tools, serving as an effective strategy to mitigate the limitations inherent in their pre-training data. In this process, tool…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Changle Qu , Sunhao Dai , Xiaochi Wei , Hengyi Cai , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Jun Xu , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Model (LLM) agents significantly extend the capabilities of standalone LLMs, empowering them to interact with external tools (e.g., APIs, functions) and complete various tasks in a self-directed fashion. The challenge of tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Weizhou Shen , Chenliang Li , Hongzhan Chen , Ming Yan , Xiaojun Quan , Hehong Chen , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing through strong semantic understanding and generation. However, their black-box nature limits structured and multi-hop reasoning. In contrast,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Guangxin Su , Hanchen Wang , Jianwei Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Ying Zhang , Jian Pei

Despite the advancements of open-source large language models (LLMs), e.g., LLaMA, they remain significantly limited in tool-use capabilities, i.e., using external tools (APIs) to fulfill human instructions. The reason is that current…

Tool learning, which enables large language models (LLMs) to utilize external tools effectively, has garnered increasing attention for its potential to revolutionize productivity across industries. Despite rapid development in tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haotian Chen , Zijun Song , Boye Niu , Ke Zhang , Litu Ou , Yaxi Lu , Zhong Zhang , Xin Cong , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun
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