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Generative large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities, which can be further augmented by integrating a pre-trained vision model into the original LLM to create a multimodal LLM (MLLM). However, this integration often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shikhar Srivastava , Md Yousuf Harun , Robik Shrestha , Christopher Kanan

Decoding methods play an indispensable role in converting language models from next-token predictors into practical task solvers. Prior research on decoding methods, primarily focusing on task-specific models, may not extend to the current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Chufan Shi , Haoran Yang , Deng Cai , Zhisong Zhang , Yifan Wang , Yujiu Yang , Wai Lam

Recent studies show that the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) can be improved by applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to question-answering (QA) tasks in areas such as math and coding. With a long context length, LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Stephen Chung , Wenyu Du , Jie Fu

Large Language Model (LLM)-based generative recommendation has achieved notable success, yet its practical deployment is costly particularly due to excessive inference latency caused by autoregressive decoding. For lossless LLM decoding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Xinyu Lin , Chaoqun Yang , Wenjie Wang , Yongqi Li , Cunxiao Du , Fuli Feng , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for parallel token generation, with block-wise variants garnering significant research interest. Despite their potential, existing dLLMs typically suffer from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yanzhe Hu , Yijie Jin , Pengfei Liu , Kai Yu , Zhijie Deng

Speculative decoding has emerged as an effective approach for accelerating autoregressive inference by parallelizing token generation through a draft-then-verify paradigm. However, existing methods rely on static drafting lengths and rigid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jaydip Sen , Subhasis Dasgupta , Hetvi Waghela

Contrastive decoding strategies are widely used to mitigate object hallucinations in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). By reducing over-reliance on language priors, these strategies ensure that generated content remains closely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Hao Yin , Guangzong Si , Zilei Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce outputs that -- though plausible -- can lack consistency and reliability, particularly in ambiguous or complex scenarios. Challenges arise from ensuring that outputs align with both factual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Weitong Zhang , Chengqi Zang , Bernhard Kainz

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in advertising scenarios such as ad creative generation and targeted advertising. However, deploying LLMs in real-time advertising systems poses significant challenges due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Wenxin Dong , Chang Gao , Guanghui Yu , Xuewu Jiao , Mingqing Hu , Qiang Fu , Peng Xu , Penghui Wei , Hui Xu , Yue Xing , Shuanglong Li , Lin Liu

Diffusion LLMs (dLLMs) have recently emerged as a powerful alternative to autoregressive LLMs (AR-LLMs) with the potential to operate at significantly higher token generation rates. However, currently available open-source dLLMs often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Sudhanshu Agrawal , Risheek Garrepalli , Raghavv Goel , Mingu Lee , Christopher Lott , Fatih Porikli

Large Language Models (LLMs) present a critical trade-off between inference quality and computational cost: larger models offer superior capabilities but incur significant latency, while smaller models are faster but less powerful. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Hang Wu , Jianian Zhu , Yinghui Li , Haojie Wang , Biao Hou , Jidong Zhai

Inference latency stands as a critical bottleneck in the large-scale deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs). Speculative decoding methods have recently shown promise in accelerating inference without compromising the output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ruilin Wang , Huixia Li , Yuexiao Ma , Xiawu Zheng , Fei Chao , Xuefeng Xiao , Rongrong Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) inherently use autoregressive decoding, which lacks parallelism in inference and results in significantly slow inference speed. While methods such as Medusa constructs parallelized heads, they lack adequate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Zeping Li , Xinlong Yang , Ziheng Gao , Ji Liu , Guanchen Li , Zhuang Liu , Dong Li , Jinzhang Peng , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum

Discrete diffusion language models (dLLMs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to traditional autoregressive approaches, offering the flexibility to generate tokens in arbitrary orders and the potential of parallel decoding.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Enshu Liu , Xuefei Ning , Yu Wang , Zinan Lin

Large language models (LLMs) tend to inadequately integrate input context during text generation, relying excessively on encoded prior knowledge in model parameters, potentially resulting in generated text with factual inconsistencies or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Zheng Zhao , Emilio Monti , Jens Lehmann , Haytham Assem

Diffusion-based Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a competitive alternative to autoregressive models, offering unique advantages through bidirectional attention and parallel generation paradigms. However, the generation results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yifeng Gao , Ziang Ji , Yuxuan Wang , Biqing Qi , Hanlin Xu , Linfeng Zhang

Transformer-based autoregressive sampling has been the major bottleneck for slowing down large language model inferences. One effective way to accelerate inference is \emph{Speculative Decoding}, which employs a small model to sample a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ming Yin , Minshuo Chen , Kaixuan Huang , Mengdi Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful linguistic engines but remain susceptible to hallucinations: plausible-sounding outputs that are factually incorrect or unsupported. In this work, we present a mathematically grounded framework to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Moses Kiprono

Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrably capable of cross-lingual transfer, but can produce inconsistent output when prompted with the same queries written in different languages. To understand how language models are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zheng Wei Lim , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn

Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly Code LLMs, have demonstrated impressive performance in code generation. Current research primarily focuses on the correctness of generated code, while efficiency remains less explored. Recent works…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Tong Ye , Weigang Huang , Xuhong Zhang , Tengfei Ma , Peiyu Liu , Jianwei Yin , Wenhai Wang
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