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State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as efficient alternatives to Transformers for sequential modeling, but their inability to leverage modality-specific features limits their performance in multi-modal pretraining. Here, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Weixin Liang , Junhong Shen , Genghan Zhang , Ning Dong , Luke Zettlemoyer , Lili Yu

Abnormality detection in medical imaging is a critical task requiring both high efficiency and accuracy to support effective diagnosis. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Transformer-based models are widely used, both face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yao Wang , Dong Yang , Zhi Qiao , Wenjian Huang , Liuzhi Yang , Zhen Qian

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of industrial applications, from search and recommendation systems to generative tasks. Although scaling laws indicate that larger models generally…

Dense video captioning is a challenging video understanding task which aims to simultaneously segment the video into a sequence of meaningful consecutive events and to generate detailed captions to accurately describe each event. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 AJ Piergiovanni , Ganesh Satish Mallya , Dahun Kim , Anelia Angelova

In the information retrieval (IR) area, dense retrieval (DR) models use deep learning techniques to encode queries and passages into embedding space to compute their semantic relations. It is important for DR models to balance both…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Hanqi Zhang , Chong Chen , Lang Mei , Qi Liu , Jiaxin Mao

We present PlainMamba: a simple non-hierarchical state space model (SSM) designed for general visual recognition. The recent Mamba model has shown how SSMs can be highly competitive with other architectures on sequential data and initial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Chenhongyi Yang , Zehui Chen , Miguel Espinosa , Linus Ericsson , Zhenyu Wang , Jiaming Liu , Elliot J. Crowley

Recent work has shown that convolutional networks can be substantially deeper, more accurate, and efficient to train if they contain shorter connections between layers close to the input and those close to the output. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Gao Huang , Zhuang Liu , Laurens van der Maaten , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Reconstructing degraded images is a critical task in image processing. Although CNN and Transformer-based models are prevalent in this field, they exhibit inherent limitations, such as inadequate long-range dependency modeling and high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Rui Deng , Tianpei Gu

Multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) remains a challenging task, especially when balancing performance across high- and low-resource languages. Recent advances in sequence modeling suggest that architectures beyond Transformers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Mohamed Nabih Ali , Daniele Falavigna , Alessio Brutti

State Space Models (SSMs), particularly recent selective variants like Mamba, have emerged as a leading architecture for sequence modeling, challenging the dominance of Transformers. However, the success of these state-of-the-art models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yiyi Wang , Jian'an Zhang , Hongyi Duan , Haoyang Liu , Qingyang Li

We introduce Similarity-Distance-Magnitude (SDM) language models (LMs), which are sequence prediction models fine-tuned to maximize the proportion of generations in the well-calibrated, high-probability region partitioned by a final-layer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Allen Schmaltz

State Space Models (SSMs), particularly the Mamba architecture, have recently emerged as powerful alternatives to Transformers for sequence modeling, offering linear computational complexity while achieving competitive performance. Yet,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mohamed A. Mabrok , Yalda Zafari

Recent sequence modeling approaches using selective state space sequence models, referred to as Mamba models, have seen a surge of interest. These models allow efficient processing of long sequences in linear time and are rapidly being…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Farnoush Rezaei Jafari , Grégoire Montavon , Klaus-Robert Müller , Oliver Eberle

Pre-trained Transformer language models (LM) have become go-to text representation encoders. Prior research fine-tunes deep LMs to encode text sequences such as sentences and passages into single dense vector representations for efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Luyu Gao , Jamie Callan

Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates Large Language Model (LLM) generation by using an efficient draft model to propose the next few tokens, which are verified by the LLM in a single forward call, reducing latency while preserving its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Milan Gritta , Huiyin Xue , Gerasimos Lampouras

Emerging applications such as AR are driving demands for machine intelligence capable of processing continuous and/or long-context inputs on local devices. However, currently dominant models based on Transformer architecture suffers from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Saptarshi Mitra , Rachid Karami , Haocheng Xu , Sitao Huang , Hyoukjun Kwon

State Space Models (SSMs) have recently emerged as efficient alternatives to Transformer-Based Models (TBMs) for long-sequence processing with linear scaling, yet how contextual information flows across layers in these architectures remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Nhat M. Hoang , Do Xuan Long , Cong-Duy Nguyen , Min-Yen Kan , Luu Anh Tuan

Removing rain degradations in images is recognized as a significant issue. In this field, deep learning-based approaches, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Transformers, have succeeded. Recently, State Space Models (SSMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Shugo Yamashita , Masaaki Ikehara

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant progress across various domains, but their increasing scale results in high computational and memory costs. Recent studies have revealed that LLMs exhibit sparsity, providing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mingkuan Feng , Jinyang Wu , Shuai Zhang , Pengpeng Shao , Ruihan Jin , Zhengqi Wen , Jianhua Tao , Feihu Che

Structured State Space Models (SSMs), which are at the heart of the recently popular Mamba architecture, are powerful tools for sequence modeling. However, their theoretical foundation relies on a complex, multi-stage process of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Sutashu Tomonaga , Kenji Doya , Noboru Murata