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Current large language models (LLMs) can exhibit near-human levels of performance on many natural language-based tasks, including open-domain question answering. Unfortunately, at this time, they also convincingly hallucinate incorrect…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Siqing Huo , Negar Arabzadeh , Charles L. A. Clarke

Decoding strategies largely determine the quality of Large Language Model (LLM) outputs, yet widely used heuristics such as greedy or fixed temperature/top-p decoding are static and often task-agnostic, leading to suboptimal or inconsistent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Asmita Bhardwaj , Yuya Jeremy Ong , Eelaaf Zahid , Basel Shbita

Individuals express diverse opinions, a fair summary should represent these viewpoints comprehensively. Previous research on fairness in opinion summarisation using large language models (LLMs) relied on hyperparameter tuning or providing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Nannan Huang , Haytham M. Fayek , Xiuzhen Zhang

Increasing test-time computation is a straightforward approach to enhancing the quality of responses in Large Language Models (LLMs). While Best-of-N sampling and Self-Consistency with majority voting are simple and effective, they require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Chengsong Huang , Langlin Huang , Jixuan Leng , Jiacheng Liu , Jiaxin Huang

The dominant approach to generating from language models subject to some constraint is locally constrained decoding (LCD), incrementally sampling tokens at each time step such that the constraint is never violated. Typically, this is…

For open-ended language generation tasks such as storytelling and dialogue, choosing the right decoding algorithm is critical to controlling the tradeoff between generation quality and diversity. However, there presently exists no consensus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Hugh Zhang , Daniel Duckworth , Daphne Ippolito , Arvind Neelakantan

Abstractive summarization has enjoyed renewed interest in recent years, thanks to pre-trained language models and the availability of large-scale datasets. Despite promising results, current models still suffer from generating factually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Roee Aharoni , Shashi Narayan , Joshua Maynez , Jonathan Herzig , Elizabeth Clark , Mirella Lapata

Large pre-trained language models have repeatedly shown their ability to produce fluent text. Yet even when starting from a prompt, generation can continue in many plausible directions. Current decoding methods with the goal of controlling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Damian Pascual , Beni Egressy , Clara Meister , Ryan Cotterell , Roger Wattenhofer

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized Text-to-SQL generation, allowing users to query structured data using natural language with growing ease. Yet, real-world deployment remains challenging, especially in complex or unseen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Smit Jivani , Sarvam Maheshwari , Sunita Sarawagi

Self-ensembling techniques with diverse reasoning paths such as Self-Consistency have demonstrated remarkable performance gains in text generation with Large Language Models (LLMs). However, such techniques depend on the availability of an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Sumanth Prabhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful models for generation tasks, but they may not generate good quality outputs in their first attempt. Apart from model fine-tuning, existing approaches to improve prediction accuracy and quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jason Cai , Hang Su , Monica Sunkara , Igor Shalyminov , Saab Mansour

The decoding algorithm is critical for open-ended text generation, transforming latent representations into coherent and meaningful outputs. This paper investigates the self-reinforcement effect in text generation and the effectiveness of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Wenhong Zhu , Hongkun Hao , Rui Wang

This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of consistency and reproducibility in Large Language Model (LLM) outputs in finance and accounting research. We evaluate how consistently LLMs produce outputs given identical inputs…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-16 Julian Junyan Wang , Victor Xiaoqi Wang

Why do language models trained on contradictory data prefer correct answers? In controlled experiments with small transformers (3.5M--86M parameters), we show that this preference tracks the compressibility structure of errors rather than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Konstantin Krestnikov

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce inconsistent answers when faced with different phrasings of the same prompt. In this paper, we propose Flip-Flop Consistency ($F^2C$), an unsupervised training method that improves robustness to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Parsa Hejabi , Elnaz Rahmati , Alireza S. Ziabari , Morteza Dehghani

In this paper, we review state-of-the-art methods for feature selection in statistics with an application-oriented eye. Indeed, sparsity is a valuable property and the profusion of research on the topic might have provided little guidance…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-08 Dimitris Bertsimas , Jean Pauphilet , Bart Van Parys

Chain-of-Thought reasoning can enhance large language models, but it requires manually designed prompts to guide the model. Recently proposed CoT-decoding enables the model to generate CoT-style reasoning paths without prompts, but it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Guanran Luo , Wentao Qiu , Zhongquan Jian , Meihong Wang , Qingqiang Wu

Large language models have shown impressive capabilities across a variety of NLP tasks, yet their generating text autoregressively is time-consuming. One way to speed them up is speculative decoding, which generates candidate segments (a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Sen Yang , Shujian Huang , Xinyu Dai , Jiajun Chen

While large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities to generate coherent text, they suffer from the issue of hallucinations -- factually inaccurate statements. Among numerous approaches to tackle hallucinations, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Juraj Vladika , Ihsan Soydemir , Florian Matthes

Is an LLM telling you different facts than it's telling me? This paper introduces ConsistencyAI, an independent benchmark for measuring the factual consistency of large language models (LLMs) for different personas. ConsistencyAI tests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Peter Banyas , Shristi Sharma , Alistair Simmons , Atharva Vispute