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Related papers: Self-Consistent Decoding for More Factual Open Res…

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Self-consistency-based approaches, which involve repeatedly sampling multiple outputs and selecting the most consistent one as the final response, prove to be remarkably effective in improving the factual accuracy of large language models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Yi Cheng , Xiao Liang , Yeyun Gong , Wen Xiao , Song Wang , Yuji Zhang , Wenjun Hou , Kaishuai Xu , Wenge Liu , Wenjie Li , Jian Jiao , Qi Chen , Peng Cheng , Wayne Xiong

Probabilistic decoding in Large Language Models (LLMs) often yields inconsistent outputs, particularly on complex or long-form questions. Self-Consistency (SC) mitigates this for short-form QA by majority voting over exact strings, whereas…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Jungsuk Oh , Jay-Yoon Lee

Self-Consistency, a widely-used decoding strategy, significantly boosts the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, it depends on the plurality voting rule, which focuses on the most frequent answer while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Siyuan Huang , Zhiyuan Ma , Jintao Du , Changhua Meng , Weiqiang Wang , Zhouhan Lin

Chain-of-thought prompting combined with pre-trained large language models has achieved encouraging results on complex reasoning tasks. In this paper, we propose a new decoding strategy, self-consistency, to replace the naive greedy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Xuezhi Wang , Jason Wei , Dale Schuurmans , Quoc Le , Ed Chi , Sharan Narang , Aakanksha Chowdhery , Denny Zhou

Self-consistency (SC), leveraging multiple samples from LLMs, shows significant gains on various reasoning tasks but struggles with free-form generation due to the difficulty of aggregating answers. Its variants, UCS and USC, rely on sample…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Xinglin Wang , Yiwei Li , Shaoxiong Feng , Peiwen Yuan , Boyuan Pan , Heda Wang , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Best-of-N selection is a key technique for improving the reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) through increased test-time computation. Current state-of-the-art methods often employ computationally intensive reward models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Zhewei Kang , Xuandong Zhao , Dawn Song

Self-consistency (SC) is a widely used test-time inference technique for improving performance in chain-of-thought reasoning. It involves generating multiple responses, or samples from a large language model (LLM) and selecting the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Austin Feng , Marius Alonso , Ambroise Odonnat

A popular approach for improving the correctness of output from large language models (LLMs) is Self-Consistency - poll the LLM multiple times and output the most frequent solution. Existing Self-Consistency techniques always generate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Pranjal Aggarwal , Aman Madaan , Yiming Yang , Mausam

Self-consistency decoding enhances LLMs' performance on reasoning tasks by sampling diverse reasoning paths and selecting the most frequent answer. However, it is computationally expensive, as sampling many of these (lengthy) paths is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Amir Taubenfeld , Tom Sheffer , Eran Ofek , Amir Feder , Ariel Goldstein , Zorik Gekhman , Gal Yona

Self-consistency with chain-of-thought prompting (CoT) has demonstrated remarkable performance gains on various challenging tasks, by utilizing multiple reasoning paths sampled from large language models (LLMs). However, self-consistency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Xinyun Chen , Renat Aksitov , Uri Alon , Jie Ren , Kefan Xiao , Pengcheng Yin , Sushant Prakash , Charles Sutton , Xuezhi Wang , Denny Zhou

Despite tremendous advancements, current state-of-the-art Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are still far from perfect. They tend to hallucinate and may generate biased responses. In such circumstances, having a way to assess the reliability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Qian Yang , Weixiang Yan , Aishwarya Agrawal

Generations from large language models (LLMs) can be improved by sampling and scoring multiple solutions to select a final answer. Current "sample and select" methods such as self-consistency (SC) rely on majority voting to score answers.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Han Wang , Archiki Prasad , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to complex tasks that require extended reasoning. In such settings, models often benefit from diverse chains-of-thought to arrive at multiple candidate solutions. This requires two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Xueyan Li , Guinan Su , Mrinmaya Sachan , Jonas Geiping

Self-Consistency (SC) is an effective decoding strategy that improves the reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by generating multiple chain-of-thought reasoning paths and selecting the final answer via majority voting.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Taewoong Yoon , Geunyeong Jeong , Geon Park , Sihyeong Yeom , Harksoo Kim

Self-consistency (Wang et al., 2023) suggests that the most consistent answer obtained through large language models (LLMs) is more likely to be correct. In this paper, we challenge this argument and propose a nuanced correction. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Alex Nguyen , Dheeraj Mekala , Chengyu Dong , Jingbo Shang

Self-Consistency mitigates hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) by sampling multiple reasoning paths,but it lacks a systematic approach to determine the optimal number of samples or select the most faithful rationale. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Guangya Wan , Yuqi Wu , Jie Chen , Sheng Li

While large language models (LLMs) have rapidly improved their performance on a broad number of tasks, they still often fall short on reasoning tasks. As LLMs become more integrated in diverse real-world tasks, advancing their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Tim Knappe , Ryan Li , Ayush Chauhan , Kaylee Chhua , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

This study investigates semantic uncertainty in large language model (LLM) outputs across different decoding methods, focusing on emerging techniques like speculative sampling and chain-of-thought (CoT) decoding. Through experiments on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Darius Foodeei , Simin Fan , Martin Jaggi

Improving the quality of model-generated summaries, especially factuality, the accuracy of a summary with respect to its source content, remains a challenge. While reranking could select the optimal output from multiple generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Riza Setiawan Soetedjo , Yusuke Sakai , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Jingun Kwon , Manabu Okumura , Taro Watanabe

Self-consistency detects hallucinations by generating multiple sampled answers to a question and measuring agreement, but this requires repeated decoding and can be sensitive to lexical variation. Semantic self-consistency improves this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Mina Gabriel
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