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Due to limited supervised training data, large language models (LLMs) are typically pre-trained via a self-supervised "predict the next word" objective on a vast amount of unstructured text data. To make the resulting model useful to users,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ajay Patel , Colin Raffel , Chris Callison-Burch

Large Language Models (LLMs) for public use require continuous pre-training to remain up-to-date with the latest data. The models also need to be fine-tuned with specific instructions to maintain their ability to follow instructions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ishan Jindal , Chandana Badrinath , Pranjal Bharti , Lakkidi Vinay , Sachin Dev Sharma

The emergent reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a transformative paradigm for analyzing text-attributed graphs. While instruction tuning is the prevailing method for adapting pre-trained LLMs to graph learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zixing Song , Irwin King

In recent years, instruction tuning has gained increasing attention and emerged as a crucial technique to enhance the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). To construct high-quality instruction datasets, many instruction processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yixin Ou , Ningyu Zhang , Honghao Gui , Ziwen Xu , Shuofei Qiao , Yida Xue , Runnan Fang , Kangwei Liu , Lei Li , Zhen Bi , Guozhou Zheng , Huajun Chen

Instruction tuning significantly enhances the performance of large language models (LLMs) across various tasks. However, the procedure to optimizing the mixing of instruction datasets for LLM fine-tuning is still poorly understood. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Renxi Wang , Haonan Li , Minghao Wu , Yuxia Wang , Xudong Han , Chiyu Zhang , Timothy Baldwin

Instruction tuning is critical to improve LLMs but usually suffers from low-quality and redundant data. Data filtering for instruction tuning has proved important in improving both the efficiency and performance of the tuning process. But…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ming Li , Yong Zhang , Shwai He , Zhitao Li , Hongyu Zhao , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Tianyi Zhou

Code LLMs have shown promising results with converting tasks in natural language to programs that can be executed by service robots. We are interested in finetuning small, specialized LLMs for this purpose, but collecting datasets of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Zichao Hu , Junyi Jessy Li , Arjun Guha , Joydeep Biswas

Instruction tuning enhances large language models (LLMs) to follow human instructions across diverse tasks, relying on high-quality datasets to guide behavior. However, these datasets, whether manually curated or synthetically generated,…

Multilingual language models often perform unevenly across different languages due to limited generalization capabilities for some languages. This issue is significant because of the growing interest in making universal language models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Gürkan Soykan , Gözde Gül Şahin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing, but they fall short in comprehending biological sequences such as proteins. To address this challenge, we propose InstructProtein, an innovative LLM…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-06 Zeyuan Wang , Qiang Zhang , Keyan Ding , Ming Qin , Xiang Zhuang , Xiaotong Li , Huajun Chen

Prompting with natural language instructions has recently emerged as a popular method of harnessing the capabilities of large language models. Given the inherent ambiguity present in natural language, it is intuitive to consider the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Mayank Mishra , Prince Kumar , Riyaz Bhat , Rudra Murthy , Danish Contractor , Srikanth Tamilselvam

Large language models (LLMs) are initially pretrained for broad capabilities and then finetuned with instruction-following datasets to improve their performance in interacting with humans. Despite advances in finetuning, a standardized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yihan Cao , Yanbin Kang , Chi Wang , Lichao Sun

Training large language models (LLMs) with open-domain instruction data has yielded remarkable success in aligning to end tasks and human preferences. Extensive research has highlighted the importance of the quality and diversity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Yingxiu Zhao , Bowen Yu , Binyuan Hui , Haiyang Yu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Nevin L. Zhang

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) show promising solutions to automated code generation, they often produce insecure code that threatens software security. Current approaches (e.g., SafeCoder) to improve secure code generation are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Junjie Li , Fazle Rabbi , Bo Yang , Song Wang , Jinqiu Yang

This paper surveys research works in the quickly advancing field of instruction tuning (IT), which can also be referred to as supervised fine-tuning (SFT)\footnote{In this paper, unless specified otherwise, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shengyu Zhang , Linfeng Dong , Xiaoya Li , Sen Zhang , Xiaofei Sun , Shuhe Wang , Jiwei Li , Runyi Hu , Tianwei Zhang , Fei Wu , Guoyin Wang

Instruction tuning for large language models (LLMs) has gained attention from researchers due to its ability to unlock the potential of LLMs in following instructions. While instruction tuning offers advantages for facilitating the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Hao Chen , Yiming Zhang , Qi Zhang , Hantao Yang , Xiaomeng Hu , Xuetao Ma , Yifan Yanggong , Junbo Zhao

Instruction tuning -- tuning large language models on instruction-output pairs -- is a promising technique for making models better adapted to the real world. Yet, the key factors driving the model's capability to understand and follow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Dylan Zhang , Justin Wang , Francois Charton

Instruction tuning commonly means finetuning a language model on instruction-response pairs. We discover two forms of adaptation (tuning) that are deficient compared to instruction tuning, yet still yield instruction following; we call this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 John Hewitt , Nelson F. Liu , Percy Liang , Christopher D. Manning

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced instruction-following capabilities. However, most Instruction Fine-Tuning (IFT) datasets are predominantly in English, limiting model performance in other languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Sathish Reddy Indurthi , Wenxuan Zhou , Shamil Chollampatt , Ravi Agrawal , Kaiqiang Song , Lingxiao Zhao , Chenguang Zhu

Large language models respond well in high-resource languages like English but struggle in low-resource languages. It may arise from the lack of high-quality instruction following data in these languages. Directly translating English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chong Li , Wen Yang , Jiajun Zhang , Jinliang Lu , Shaonan Wang , Chengqing Zong