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The rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown great potential in medical diagnostics, particularly in radiology, where datasets such as X-rays are paired with human-generated diagnostic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Francesco Chiumento , Mingming Liu

Recent advancements in generative models have unlocked the capabilities to render photo-realistic data in a controllable fashion. Trained on the real data, these generative models are capable of producing realistic samples with minimal to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Abhay Rawat , Shubham Dokania , Astitva Srivastava , Shuaib Ahmed , Haiwen Feng , Rahul Tallamraju

Clinical decision making requires counterfactual reasoning based on a factual medical image and thus necessitates causal image synthesis. To this end, we present a novel method for modeling the causality between demographic variables,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-28 Yujia Li , Jiong Shi , S. Kevin Zhou

This paper presents a comprehensive systematic review of generative models (GANs, VAEs, DMs, and LLMs) used to synthesize various medical data types, including imaging (dermoscopic, mammographic, ultrasound, CT, MRI, and X-ray), text,…

The synthetic control method is a an econometric tool to evaluate causal effects when only one unit is treated. While initially aimed at evaluating the effect of large-scale macroeconomic changes with very few available control units, it…

Simulating prospective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from a given individual brain image is challenging, as it requires accounting for canonical changes in aging and/or disease progression while also considering the individual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Jingru Fu , Yuqi Zheng , Neel Dey , Daniel Ferreira , Rodrigo Moreno

Human anatomy, morphology, and associated diseases can be studied using medical imaging data. However, access to medical imaging data is restricted by governance and privacy concerns, data ownership, and the cost of acquisition, thus…

Privacy concerns around sharing personally identifiable information are a major practical barrier to data sharing in medical research. However, in many cases, researchers have no interest in a particular individual's information but rather…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-18 August DuMont Schütte , Jürgen Hetzel , Sergios Gatidis , Tobias Hepp , Benedikt Dietz , Stefan Bauer , Patrick Schwab

The joint analysis of biomedical data in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is important for better clinical diagnosis and to understand the relationship between biomarkers. However, jointly accounting for heterogeneous measures poses important…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-14 Luigi Antelmi , Nicholas Ayache , Philippe Robert , Marco Lorenzi

The generation of synthetic data is an essential tool to study complex systems, allowing for example to test models of these in precisely controlled settings, or to parametrize simulation models when data is missing. This paper focuses on…

Applications · Statistics 2019-11-25 Juste Raimbault

In this research, we introduce an innovative method for synthesizing medical images using generative adversarial networks (GANs). Our proposed GANs method demonstrates the capability to produce realistic synthetic images even when trained…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-28 Yinqiu Feng , Bo Zhang , Lingxi Xiao , Yutian Yang , Tana Gegen , Zexi Chen

This study presents an integrated approach for advancing functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging through the synthesis of data and application of machine learning models. By addressing the scarcity of high-quality…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-21 Eitan Waks

Multimodal self-supervised representation learning has consistently proven to be a highly effective method in medical image analysis, offering strong task performance and producing biologically informed insights. However, these methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Lucas Farndale , Chris Walsh , Robert Insall , Ke Yuan

This article studies experimental design in settings where the experimental units are large aggregate entities (e.g., markets), and only one or a small number of units can be exposed to the treatment. In such settings, randomization of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-24 Alberto Abadie , Jinglong Zhao

This paper presents an automatic formal controller synthesis method for nonlinear sampled-data systems with safety and reachability specifications. Fundamentally, the presented method is not restricted to polynomial systems and controllers.…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Cees F. Verdier , Manuel Mazo

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain has been used to investigate a wide range of neurological disorders, but data acquisition can be expensive, time-consuming, and inconvenient. Multi-site studies present a valuable opportunity to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Harrison Nguyen , Richard W. Morris , Anthony W. Harris , Mayuresh S. Korgoankar , Fabio Ramos

A standard approach for assessing the performance of partition models is to create synthetic data sets with a prespecified clustering structure, and assess how well the model reveals this structure. A common format is that subjects are…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-08 Michail Papathomas

In MRI, variations in scan parameters, sequence, or hardware can lead to discrepancies in image appearance, even for the same subject. These inconsistencies, known as domain shifts, can hinder image analysis and degrade the performance of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Minjun Kim , Dong Ju Mun , Hwihun Jeong , Hangyeol Park , Haechang Lee , Se Young Chun , Jongho Lee

Generative models have been applied in the medical imaging domain for various image recognition and synthesis tasks. However, a more controllable and interpretable image synthesis model is still lacking yet necessary for important…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-15 Jiarong Ye , Yuan Xue , Peter Liu , Richard Zaino , Keith Cheng , Xiaolei Huang

Recent advancements in generative AI have made it possible to create synthetic datasets that can be as accurate as real-world data for training AI models, powering statistical insights, and fostering collaboration with sensitive datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Amy Steier , Lipika Ramaswamy , Andre Manoel , Alexa Haushalter