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Large reasoning models, such as OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek-R1, tend to become increasingly verbose as their reasoning capabilities improve. These inflated Chain-of-Thought (CoT) trajectories often exceed what the underlying problems require,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Songtao Wei , Yi Li , Zhikai Li , Xu Hu , Yuede Ji , Guanpeng Li , Feng Chen , Carl Yang , Zhichun Guo , Bingzhe Li

Dense retrieval calls for discriminative embeddings to represent the semantic relationship between query and document. It may benefit from the using of large language models (LLMs), given LLMs' strong capability on semantic understanding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zheng Liu , Chaofan Li , Shitao Xiao , Yingxia Shao , Defu Lian

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced artificial intelligence (AI) in software engineering (SE), with source code embeddings playing a crucial role in tasks such as source code clone detection and source code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zixiang Xian , Chenhui Cui , Rubing Huang , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown incredible potential in code generation tasks, and recent research in prompt engineering have enhanced LLMs' understanding of textual information. However, ensuring the accuracy of generated code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Haolin Jin , Zechao Sun , Huaming Chen

Instruction tuning has emerged as a critical paradigm for improving the capabilities and alignment of large language models (LLMs). However, existing iterative model-aware data selection methods incur significant computational overhead, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xiaotian Lin , Yanlin Qi , Yizhang Zhu , Themis Palpanas , Chengliang Chai , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Instruction tuning has emerged as the key in aligning large language models (LLMs) with specific task instructions, thereby mitigating the discrepancy between the next-token prediction objective and users' actual goals. To reduce the labor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Zifeng Wang , Chun-Liang Li , Vincent Perot , Long T. Le , Jin Miao , Zizhao Zhang , Chen-Yu Lee , Tomas Pfister

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with limited data poses a practical challenge in low-resource languages, specialized domains, and constrained deployment settings. While pre-trained LLMs provide strong foundations, effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Marton Szep , Daniel Rueckert , Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe , Florian Hinterwimmer

Rule-based adaptation is a foundational approach to self-adaptation, characterized by its human readability and rapid response. However, building high-performance and robust adaptation rules is often a challenge because it essentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Yusei Ishimizu , Jialong Li , Jinglue Xu , Jinyu Cai , Hitoshi Iba , Kenji Tei

Recent large language models (LLM) exhibit sub-optimal performance on low-resource languages, as the training data of these models is usually dominated by English and other high-resource languages. Furthermore, it is challenging to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Zoltan Csaki , Pian Pawakapan , Urmish Thakker , Qiantong Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance in code generation recently, offering programmers revolutionary assistance in software development. However, due to the auto-regressive nature of LLMs, they are susceptible…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xue Jiang , Yihong Dong , Yongding Tao , Huanyu Liu , Zhi Jin , Wenpin Jiao , Ge Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities across various tasks. However, even minor variations in query phrasing, despite preserving the underlying semantic meaning, can significantly affect their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yihang Yao , Zhepeng Cen , Miao Li , William Han , Yuyou Zhang , Emerson Liu , Zuxin Liu , Chuang Gan , Ding Zhao

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by using a small draft model to generate candidate tokens for a larger target model to verify. The efficacy of this technique hinges on the trade-off between the time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiebin Zhang , Zhenghan Yu , Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Eugene J. Yu , Zheng Li , Yifan Song , Dawei Zhu , Xingxing Zhang , Furu Wei , Sujian Li

The strong performance of large language models (LLMs) raises extensive discussion on their application to code generation. Recent research suggests continuous program refinements through visible tests to improve code generation accuracy in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Chao Lei , Yanchuan Chang , Nir Lipovetzky , Krista A. Ehinger

Recent research explores optimization using large language models (LLMs) by either iteratively seeking next-step solutions from LLMs or directly prompting LLMs for an optimizer. However, these approaches exhibit inherent limitations,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Zeyuan Ma , Hongshu Guo , Jiacheng Chen , Guojun Peng , Zhiguang Cao , Yining Ma , Yue-Jiao Gong

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet aligning them efficiently and effectively with human expectations remains a critical challenge. This thesis advances LLM alignment by introducing novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yuxin Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are used for many tasks, including those related to coding. An important aspect of being able to utilize LLMs is the ability to assess their fitness for specific usages. The common practice is to evaluate LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Marcel Zalmanovici , Orna Raz , Eitan Farchi , Iftach Freund

With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), the demand for robust instruction-following capabilities in code generation tasks has grown significantly. Code generation not only facilitates faster prototyping and automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kaiwen Yan , Hongcheng Guo , Xuanqing Shi , Shaosheng Cao , Donglin Di , Zhoujun Li

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in code generation, largely driven by the availability of high-quality code datasets for effective training. To further improve data quality, numerous training data optimization…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Shiqi Kuang , Zhao Tian , Tao Xiao , Dong Wang , Junjie Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities on various tasks, while the further evolvement is limited to the lack of high-quality training data. In addition, traditional training approaches rely too much on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Peidong Wang , Ming Wang , Zhiming Ma , Xiaocui Yang , Shi Feng , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang , Kaisong Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely adopted for assisting in software development tasks, yet their performance evaluations have narrowly focused on the functional correctness of generated code. Human programmers, however, require…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yun Peng , Akhilesh Deepak Gotmare , Michael Lyu , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Doyen Sahoo