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This paper reports on an audit study of generative AI systems (ChatGPT, Bing Chat, and Perplexity) which investigates how these new search engines construct responses and establish authority for topics of public importance. We collected…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Alice Li , Luanne Sinnamon

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive progress in natural language processing, but their limited ability to retain long-term context constrains performance on document-level or multi-turn tasks. Retrieval-Augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhangyu Wang , Siyuan Gao , Rong Zhou , Hao Wang , Li Ning

Effective decision-making on networks often relies on learning from graph-structured data, where Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) play a central role, but they take efforts to configure and tune. In this demo, we propose LLMNet, showing how to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Xiaohan Zheng , Lanning Wei , Yong Li , Quanming Yao

The conversational search paradigm introduces a step change over the traditional search paradigm by allowing users to interact with search agents in a multi-turn and natural fashion. The conversation flows naturally and is usually centered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Mariana Leite , Rafael Ferreira , David Semedo , João Magalhães

Conducting literature reviews for scientific papers is essential for understanding research, its limitations, and building on existing work. It is a tedious task which makes an automatic literature review generator appealing. Unfortunately,…

Retrieving answers in a quick and low cost manner without hallucinations from a combination of structured and unstructured data using Language models is a major hurdle. This is what prevents employment of Language models in knowledge…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Anupam Purwar , Rahul Sundar

The integration of external knowledge through Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become foundational in enhancing large language models (LLMs) for knowledge-intensive tasks. However, existing RAG paradigms often overlook the cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yu Wang , Shiwan Zhao , Zhihu Wang , Ming Fan , Xicheng Zhang , Yubo Zhang , Zhengfan Wang , Heyuan Huang , Ting Liu

Causality is essential for understanding complex systems, such as the economy, the brain, and the climate. Constructing causal graphs often relies on either data-driven or expert-driven approaches, both fraught with challenges. The former…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Kai-Hendrik Cohrs , Gherardo Varando , Emiliano Diaz , Vasileios Sitokonstantinou , Gustau Camps-Valls

The past few decades have witnessed an upsurge in data, forming the foundation for data-hungry, learning-based AI technology. Conversational agents, often referred to as AI chatbots, rely heavily on such data to train large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Sumit Kumar Dam , Choong Seon Hong , Yu Qiao , Chaoning Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have recently taken the world by storm. They can generate coherent text, hold meaningful conversations, and be taught concepts and basic sets of instructions - such as the steps of an algorithm. In this context,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Sara Di Bartolomeo , Giorgio Severi , Victor Schetinger , Cody Dunne

Large Language Models (LLMs) are proficient at generating coherent and contextually relevant text but face challenges when addressing knowledge-intensive queries in domain-specific and factual question-answering tasks. Retrieval-augmented…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Garima Agrawal , Tharindu Kumarage , Zeyad Alghamdi , Huan Liu

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a widely adopted approach to mitigate the limitations of large language models (LLMs) in answering domain-specific questions. Previous research has predominantly focused on improving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Mohammad Hassan Heydari , Arshia Hemmat , Erfan Naman , Afsaneh Fatemi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has shown significant improvements in various natural language processing tasks by integrating the strengths of large language models (LLMs) and external knowledge databases. However, RAG introduces long…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Chao Jin , Zili Zhang , Xuanlin Jiang , Fangyue Liu , Xin Liu , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

The effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating accurate responses relies heavily on the quality of input provided, particularly when employing Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques. RAG enhances LLMs by sourcing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Spurthi Setty , Harsh Thakkar , Alyssa Lee , Eden Chung , Natan Vidra

In recent years, generative AI has undergone major advancements, demonstrating significant promise in augmenting human productivity. Notably, large language models (LLM), with ChatGPT-4 as an example, have drawn considerable attention.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Sida Peng , Wojciech Swiatek , Allen Gao , Paul Cullivan , Haoge Chang

The practice of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) with retrieval systems, has become increasingly prevalent. However, the repercussions of LLM-derived content infiltrating the web and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Xiaoyang Chen , Ben He , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Tianshu Wang , Boxi Cao , Le Sun , Yingfei Sun

Tagging systems play an essential role in various information retrieval applications such as search engines and recommender systems. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been applied in tagging systems due to their extensive world…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Ruiming Tang , Chenxu Zhu , Bo Chen , Weipeng Zhang , Menghui Zhu , Xinyi Dai , Huifeng Guo

As machine learning becomes increasingly integral to autonomous decision-making processes involving human interaction, the necessity of comprehending the model's outputs through conversational means increases. Most recently, foundation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Sule Tekkesinoglu , Lars Kunze

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Llama have become prevalent in real-world applications, exhibiting impressive text generation performance. LLMs are fundamentally developed from a scenario where the input data remains static…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Cheng'an Wei , Yue Zhao , Yujia Gong , Kai Chen , Lu Xiang , Shenchen Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been applied to dialog systems. Despite making progress, LLMs are prone to errors in knowledge-intensive scenarios. Recently, approaches based on retrieval augmented generation (RAG) and agent have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yucheng Cai , Yuxuan Wu , Yi Huang , Junlan Feng , Zhijian Ou