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Noise and imperfections are among the prevalent challenges in quantum software engineering for current NISQ systems. They will remain important in the post-NISQ area, as logical, error-corrected qubits will be based on software mechanisms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Stefan Raimund Maschek , Jürgen Schwitalla , Maja Franz , Wolfgang Mauerer

Quantum simulation uses a well-known quantum system to predict the behavior of another quantum system. Certain limitations in this technique arise, however, when applied to specific problems, as we demonstrate with a theoretical and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Kenneth R. Brown , Robert J. Clark , Isaac L. Chuang

A significant problem for current quantum computers is noise. While there are many distinct noise channels, the depolarizing noise model often appropriately describes average noise for large circuits involving many qubits and gates. We…

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising quantum algorithms for the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. Quantifying the performance of QAOA in the near-term regime is of utmost importance. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-16 Ruslan Shaydulin , Yuri Alexeev

A procedure for defining virtual spaces, and the periodic one-electron and two-electron integrals, for plane-wave second quantized Hamiltonians has been developed and demonstrated using full configuration interaction (FCI) simulations and…

Quantum computing is a promising technology that harnesses the peculiarities of quantum mechanics to deliver computational speedups for some problems that are intractable to solve on a classical computer. Current generation noisy…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-09-16 Daan Camps , Efekan Kökcü , Lindsay Bassman , Wibe A. de Jong , Alexander F. Kemper , Roel Van Beeumen

A key open question in quantum computing is whether quantum algorithms can potentially offer a significant advantage over classical algorithms for tasks of practical interest. Understanding the limits of classical computing in simulating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Matija Medvidovic , Giuseppe Carleo

We apply a hybrid evolutionary algorithm to minimize the depth of circuits in quantum computing. More specifically, we evaluate two different variants of the algorithm. In the first approach, we combine the evolutionary algorithm with an…

Fidelity is one of the most valuable and commonly used metrics for assessing the performance of quantum circuits on error-prone quantum processors. Several approaches have been proposed to estimate circuit fidelity without executing it on…

There is increasing interest in the development of gate-based quantum circuits for the training of machine learning models. Yet, little is understood concerning the parameters of circuit design, and the effects of noise and other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-14 Patrick Selig , Niall Murphy , Ashwin Sundareswaran R , David Redmond , Simon Caton

Quantum algorithm design usually assumes access to a perfect quantum computer with ideal properties like full connectivity, noise-freedom and arbitrarily long coherence time. In Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, however, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-11 Xiangzhen Zhou , Sanjiang Li , Yuan Feng

Several noisy intermediate-scale quantum computations can be regarded as logarithmic-depth quantum circuits on a sparse quantum computing chip, where two-qubit gates can be directly applied on only some pairs of qubits. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-13 Yuki Takeuchi , Yasuhiro Takahashi , Tomoyuki Morimae , Seiichiro Tani

We introduce a single-number metric, quantum volume, that can be measured using a concrete protocol on near-term quantum computers of modest size ($n\lesssim 50$), and measure it on several state-of-the-art transmon devices, finding values…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-14 Andrew W. Cross , Lev S. Bishop , Sarah Sheldon , Paul D. Nation , Jay M. Gambetta

We present a hybrid quantum algorithm for estimating gaps in many-body energy spectra, supported by an analytic proof of its inherent resilience to state preparation and measurement errors, as well as mid-circuit multi-qubit depolarizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-14 Woo-Ram Lee , Nathan M. Myers , V. W. Scarola

Simulating large electronic networks with vibrational environments remains a fundamental challenge due to the long lifetimes of electronic-vibrational (vibronic) excitations on the picosecond scale. Quantum computers are a promising…

Noise causes severe difficulties in implementing quantum computing and quantum cryptography. Several schemes have been suggested to reduce this problem, mainly focusing on quantum computation. Motivated by quantum cryptography, we suggest a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. Mor

Quantum computers are expected to provide a ultimate solver for quantum many-body systems, although it is a tremendous challenge to achieve that goal on current noisy quantum devices. This work illustrated quantum simulations of ab initio…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-01-05 Chongji Jiang , Junchen Pei , Rongzhe Hu , Shaoliang Jin , Haoyu Shang , Siqin Fan , Furong Xu

Evaluating the reliability of noisy quantum circuits is essential for implementing quantum algorithms on noisy quantum devices. However, current quantum hardware exhibits diverse noise mechanisms whose compounded effects make accurate and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Jindi Wu , Tianjie Hu , Qun Li

We show how to explicitly construct an $O(nd)$ size and constant quantum depth circuit which encodes any given $n$-qubit stabilizer code with $d$ generators. Our construction is derived using the graphic description for stabilizer codes and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-18 Wei Huang , Zhaohui Wei

Gate model quantum computers with too many qubits to be simulated by available classical computers are about to arrive. We present a strategy for programming these devices without error correction or compilation. This means that the number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-21 E. Farhi , J. Goldstone , S. Gutmann , H. Neven