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The federated learning (FL) paradigm emerges to preserve data privacy during model training by only exposing clients' model parameters rather than original data. One of the biggest challenges in FL lies in the non-IID (not identical and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Jiahao Tan , Yipeng Zhou , Gang Liu , Jessie Hui Wang , Shui Yu

The widespread adoption of smart meters provides access to detailed and localized load consumption data, suitable for training building-level load forecasting models. To mitigate privacy concerns stemming from model-induced data leakage,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Shourya Bose , Yu Zhang , Kibaek Kim

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a method to preserve privacy in collaborative distributed learning. In FL, clients train AI models directly on their devices rather than sharing data with a centralized server, which can pose privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Haleh Hayati , Carlos Murguia , Nathan van de Wouw

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm that avoids data sharing among training nodes so as to protect data privacy. Under coordination of the FL server, each client conducts model training using its own…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Binbin Guo , Yuan Mei , Danyang Xiao , Weigang Wu , Ye Yin , Hongli Chang

Notwithstanding offering convenience and entertainment to society, Deepfake face swapping has caused critical privacy issues with the rapid development of deep generative models. Due to imperceptible artifacts in high-quality synthetic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Tianyi Wang , Mengxiao Huang , Harry Cheng , Bin Ma , Yinglong Wang

The rapid advancement of generative AI has underscored the critical need for identifying image ownership and protecting copyrights. This makes post-processing image watermarking an essential tool -- it involves embedding a specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xinyu Zhang , Ziping Dong , Qingyu Liu , Yuan Hong , Zhongjie Ba , Kui Ren

Federated Learning (FL) has become a cornerstone of privacy protection, shifting the paradigm towards localizing sensitive data while only sending model gradients to a central server. This strategy is designed to reinforce privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 H. Yi , H. Ren , C. Hu , Y. Li , J. Deng , X. Xie

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without centralizing client data, making it attractive for privacy-sensitive domains. While existing approaches employ cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sahar Ghoflsaz Ghinani , Elaheh Sadredini

Federated learning (FL) enables distributed clients to collaboratively train a global model using local private data. Nevertheless, recent studies show that conventional FL algorithms still exhibit deficiencies in privacy protection, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Ruiyang Wang , Rong Pan , Zhengan Yao

The privacy-preserving federated learning schemes based on the setting of two honest-but-curious and non-colluding servers offer promising solutions in terms of security and efficiency. However, our investigation reveals that these schemes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Jiahui Wu , Fucai Luo , Tiecheng Sun , Haiyan Wang , Weizhe Zhang

Well-performed deep neural networks (DNNs) generally require massive labelled data and computational resources for training. Various watermarking techniques are proposed to protect such intellectual properties (IPs), wherein the DNN…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Xiangyu Wen , Yu Li , Wei Jiang , Qiang Xu

Federated learning (FL) has become a prevalent distributed machine learning paradigm with improved privacy. After learning, the resulting federated model should be further personalized to each different client. While several methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Bingyan Liu , Yao Guo , Xiangqun Chen

Embedding watermarks into the output of generative models is essential for establishing copyright and verifiable ownership over the generated content. Emerging diffusion model watermarking methods either embed watermarks in the frequency…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Yunzhuo Chen , Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Nur Al Hasan Haldar , Ajmal Mian

With the growth of editing and sharing images through the internet, the importance of protecting the images' authorship has increased. Robust watermarking is a known approach to maintaining copyright protection. Robustness and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Arezoo PariZanganeh , Ghazaleh Ghorbanzadeh , Zahra Nabizadeh ShahreBabak , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi

Model watermarking techniques can embed watermark information into the protected model for ownership declaration by constructing specific input-output pairs. However, existing watermarks are easily removed when facing model stealing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yunfei Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Yuexin Xuan , Zhendong Zhao , Xin Zhao , He Li

Federated learning (FL) enables fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) across distributed data sources. As these sources increasingly include LLM-generated text, provenance tracking becomes essential for accountability and transparency.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Leixu Huang , Zedian Shao , Teodora Baluta

Although federated learning improves privacy of training data by exchanging local gradients or parameters rather than raw data, the adversary still can leverage local gradients and parameters to obtain local training data by launching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Xue Yang , Yan Feng , Weijun Fang , Jun Shao , Xiaohu Tang , Shu-Tao Xia , Rongxing Lu

Personalized federated learning has received an upsurge of attention due to the mediocre performance of conventional federated learning (FL) over heterogeneous data. Unlike conventional FL which trains a single global consensus model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Jun Luo , Matias Mendieta , Chen Chen , Shandong Wu

Personalized federated learning (PFL) aims to harness the collective wisdom of clients' data while building personalized models tailored to individual clients' data distributions. Existing works offer personalization primarily to clients…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Hong-You Chen , Jike Zhong , Mingda Zhang , Xuhui Jia , Hang Qi , Boqing Gong , Wei-Lun Chao , Li Zhang

Watermarking is one of the most important copyright protection tools for digital media. The most challenging type of watermarking is the imperceptible one, which embeds identifying information in the data while retaining the latter's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Natan Semyonov , Rami Puzis , Asaf Shabtai , Gilad Katz