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Continual Reinforcement Learning (CRL) for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models is a promising direction toward self-improving embodied agents that can adapt in openended, evolving environments. However, conventional wisdom from continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jiaheng Hu , Jay Shim , Chen Tang , Yoonchang Sung , Bo Liu , Peter Stone , Roberto Martin-Martin

Training large language models (LLMs) for pretraining or adapting to new tasks and domains has become increasingly critical as their applications expand. However, as the model and the data sizes grow, the training process presents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Amrutha Varshini Ramesh , Vignesh Ganapathiraman , Issam H. Laradji , Mark Schmidt

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a predominant parameter-efficient finetuning method for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. Meanwhile, Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures demonstrate superior energy efficiency due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Taiqiang Wu , Chenchen Ding , Wenyong Zhou , Yuxin Cheng , Xincheng Feng , Shuqi Wang , Wendong Xu , Chufan Shi , Zhengwu Liu , Ngai Wong

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have emphasized the critical role of fine-tuning (FT) techniques in adapting LLMs to specific tasks, especially when retraining from scratch is computationally infeasible. Fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiao Han , Zimo Zhao , Wanyu Wang , Maolin Wang , Zitao Liu , Yi Chang , Xiangyu Zhao

In the literature, many continual learning (CL) algorithms have been proposed to address the issue of catastrophic forgetting in ML models (i.e., learning new tasks leads to the loss of performance on previously learned tasks). Although all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Srijith Nair , Atilla Eryilmaz , Jia , Liu

The machine learning community has witnessed impressive advancements since large language models (LLMs) first appeared. Yet, their massive memory consumption has become a significant roadblock to large-scale training. For instance, a 7B…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Rui Pan , Xiang Liu , Shizhe Diao , Renjie Pi , Jipeng Zhang , Chi Han , Tong Zhang

Fine-tuning helps large language models (LLM) recover degraded information and enhance task performance. Although Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used and effective for fine-tuning, we have observed that its scaling factor can limit or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jun Liu , Zhenglun Kong , Peiyan Dong , Changdi Yang , Xuan Shen , Pu Zhao , Hao Tang , Geng Yuan , Wei Niu , Wenbin Zhang , Xue Lin , Dong Huang , Yanzhi Wang

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, creating an increased need for efficient, task-specific fine-tuning methods. Traditional fine-tuning of LLMs involves updating a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Ayush Singh , Rajdeep Aher , Shivank Garg

In fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), conserving computational resources while maintaining effectiveness and improving outcomes within the same computational constraints is crucial. The Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) strategy balances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Xiaojun Xiao , Sen Shen , Qiming Bao , Hongfei Rong , Kairui Liu , Zhongsheng Wang , Jiamou Liu

Catastrophic forgetting is a significant challenge in online continual learning (OCL), especially for non-stationary data streams that do not have well-defined task boundaries. This challenge is exacerbated by the memory constraints and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Xiwen Wei , Guihong Li , Radu Marculescu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is computationally expensive, and Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) provides a cost-effective solution by approximating weight updates through low-rank matrices. In real-world scenarios, LLMs are fine-tuned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jinda Liu , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) lowers the computational and memory overhead of fine-tuning large models by updating a low-dimensional subspace of the pre-trained weight matrix. Albeit efficient, LoRA exhibits suboptimal convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become a de facto standard for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs). However, we identify a critical vulnerability within popular low-rank adaptation methods like LoRA: their tendency to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yupeng Chang , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Existing federated learning methods have effectively dealt with decentralized learning in scenarios involving data privacy and non-IID data. However, in real-world situations, each client dynamically learns new classes, requiring the global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Haiyang Guo , Fei Zhu , Wenzhuo Liu , Xu-Yao Zhang , Cheng-Lin Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various tasks, yet their ability to learn incrementally without forgetting remains underexplored. Incremental learning (IL) is crucial as it enables models to acquire new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Junhao Zheng , Shengjie Qiu , Qianli Ma

Continual adaptation of deep generative models holds tremendous potential and critical importance, given their rapid and expanding usage in text and vision based applications. Incremental training, however, remains highly challenging due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Victor Enescu , Hichem Sahbi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly prevalent across diverse applications. However, their enormous size limits storage and processing capabilities to a few well-resourced stakeholders. As a result, most applications rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Mohammadsajad Alipour , Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offers a cost-effective solution for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), but it often produces overconfident predictions in data-scarce few-shot settings. To address this issue, several classical statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Amir Hossein Rahmati , Sanket Jantre , Weifeng Zhang , Yucheng Wang , Byung-Jun Yoon , Nathan M. Urban , Xiaoning Qian

Catastrophic forgetting remains a major challenge when fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on narrow, task-specific data, often degrading their general knowledge and reasoning abilities. We propose SA-SFT, a lightweight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yutao Sun , Mingshuai Chen , Tiancheng Zhao , Phillip Miao , Zilun Zhang , Haozhan Shen , Ruizhe Zhu , Jianwei Yin