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A hollow matrix described by a graph $G$ is a real symmetric matrix having all diagonal entries equal to zero and with the off-diagonal entries governed by the adjacencies in $G$. For a given graph $G$, the determination of all possible…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-23 F. Scott Dahlgren , Zachary Gershkoff , Leslie Hogben , Sara Motlaghian , Derek Young

The inverse eigenvalue problem of a graph $G$ aims to find all possible spectra for matrices whose $(i,j)$-entry, for $i\neq j$, is nonzero precisely when $i$ is adjacent to $j$. In this work, the inverse eigenvalue problem is completely…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-24 Jephian C. -H. Lin , Polona Oblak , Helena Šmigoc

This paper consists of a few results, discovered and proved during the 2012-2013 research group at Eastern Oregon University. Inertia tables are a visual representation of the possible inertias of a given graph. The inertia of a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-10 E. B. Cohen , N. H. Nguyen , J. G. Winde , A. A Yielding

All graphs considered are simple and undirected. The Inverse Eigenvalue Problem of a Graph $G$ (IEP-G) aims to find all possible spectra for matrices whose $(i,j)-$entry, for $i\neq j$, is nonzero precisely when $i$ is adjacent to $j$. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-20 Roberto C. Díaz , Ana I. Julio

The inverse eigenvalue problem studies the possible spectra among matrices whose off-diagonal entries have their zero-nonzero patterns described by the adjacency of a graph $G$. In this paper, we refer to the $i$-nullity pair of a matrix…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-24 Aida Abiad , Bryan A. Curtis , Mary Flagg , H. Tracy Hall , Jephian C. -H. Lin , Bryan Shader

For a given graph $G$, we aim to determine the possible realizable spectra for a generalized (or sometimes referred to as a weighted) Laplacian matrix associated with $G$. This new specialized inverse eigenvalue problem is considered for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-03 Shaun Fallat , Himanshu Gupta , Jephian C. -H. Lin

The inverse eigenvalue problem of a graph $G$ is the problem of characterizing all lists of eigenvalues of real symmetric matrices whose off-diagonal pattern is prescribed by the adjacencies of $G$. The strong spectral property is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-07 Jephian C. -H. Lin , Polona Oblak , Helena Šmigoc

An important facet of the inverse eigenvalue problem for graphs is to determine the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues of a particular graph. We resolve this question for the join of a connected graph with a path. We then focus on…

Let $G$ be an undirected graph on $n$ vertices and let $S(G)$ be the set of all $n \times n$ real symmetric matrices whose nonzero off-diagonal entries occur in exactly the positions corresponding to the edges of $G$. The inverse eigenvalue…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2014-01-10 Polona Oblak , Helena Šmigoc

Given a graph $G$, one may ask: "What sets of eigenvalues are possible over all weighted adjacency matrices of $G$?" (The weight of an edge is positive or negative, while the diagonal entries can be any real numbers.) This is known as the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-14 Franklin H. j. Kenter , Jephian C. -H. Lin

A discrete Schr\"odinger operator of a graph $G$ is a real symmetric matrix whose $i,j$-entry, $i \neq j$, is negative if $\{i,j\}$ is an edge and zero if it is not an edge, while diagonal entries can be any real numbers. The discrete…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Anzila Laikhuram , Jephian C. -H. Lin

The inverse eigenvalue problem of a given graph $G$ is to determine all possible spectra of real symmetric matrices whose off-diagonal entries are governed by the adjacencies in $G$. Barrett et al. introduced the Strong Spectral Property…

The structural properties of graphs are usually characterized in terms of invariants, which are functions of graphs that do not depend on the labeling of the nodes. In this paper we study convex graph invariants, which are graph invariants…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-09-21 Venkat Chandrasekaran , Pablo A. Parrilo , Alan S. Willsky

We study the inverse eigenvector centrality problem on connected undirected graphs, namely, whether a given positive vector can be realized by assigning suitable edge weights. We provide a complete characterization in terms of stable sets…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Mauro Passacantando , Fabio Raciti

For a graph $G$, we associate a family of real symmetric matrices, $\mathcal{S}(G)$, where for any $M \in \mathcal{S}(G)$, the location of the nonzero off-diagonal entries of $M$ are governed by the adjacency structure of $G$. The ordered…

Zero forcing is an iterative graph coloring process where at each discrete time step, a colored vertex with a single uncolored neighbor forces that neighbor to become colored. The zero forcing number of a graph is the cardinality of the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-02-06 Boris Brimkov , Caleb C. Fast , Illya V. Hicks

Symplectic geometry plays an increasingly important role in mathematics, physics and applications, and naturally gives rise to interesting matrix families and properties. One of these is the notion of symplectic eigenvalues, whose existence…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Himanshu Gupta , Leslie Hogben , Bryan Shader , Tony Wong

The inverse eigenvalue problem of a graph $G$ studies the possible spectra of matrices associated with $G$, including as an important subproblem the possible nullities of such a matrix. Much research in this area to date has focused only on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Aida Abiad , Mary Flagg , H. Tracy Hall , Jephian C. -H. Lin , Bryan Shader

We establish new bounds on the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues among real symmetric matrices with nonzero off-diagonal pattern described by the edges of a graph and apply these to determine the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-19 Beth Bjorkman , Leslie Hogben , Scarlitte Ponce , Carolyn Reinhart , Theodore Tranel

Associated to a graph $G$ is a set $\mathcal{S}(G)$ of all real-valued symmetric matrices whose off-diagonal entries are nonzero precisely when the corresponding vertices of the graph are adjacent, and the diagonal entries are free to be…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-03 Mohammad Adm , Shaun Fallat , Karen Meagher , Shahla Nasserasr , Sarah Plosker , Boting Yang
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