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Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are widely used for their ability to effectively approximate large classes of functions. This flexibility, however, makes the strict enforcement of constraints on DNNs an open problem. Here we present a framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Eric Marcus , Ray Sheombarsing , Jan-Jakob Sonke , Jonas Teuwen

Background: It is still an open research area to theoretically understand why Deep Neural Networks (DNNs)---equipped with many more parameters than training data and trained by (stochastic) gradient-based methods---often achieve remarkably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Zhiqin John Xu

This work bridges two important concepts: the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK), which captures the evolution of deep neural networks (DNNs) during training, and the Neural Collapse (NC) phenomenon, which refers to the emergence of symmetry and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Mariia Seleznova , Dana Weitzner , Raja Giryes , Gitta Kutyniok , Hung-Hsu Chou

We present a unified theoretical framework connecting the first property of Deep Neural Collapse (DNC1) to the emergence of implicit low-rank bias in nonlinear networks trained with $L^2$ weight decay regularization. Our main contributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Emanuele Zangrando , Piero Deidda , Simone Brugiapaglia , Nicola Guglielmi , Francesco Tudisco

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been used to create models for many complex analysis problems like image recognition and medical diagnosis. DNNs are a popular tool within machine learning due to their ability to model complex patterns and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Parth Patil , Ben Boardley , Jack Gardner , Emily Loiselle , Deerajkumar Parthipan

Neural collapse (NC) and its multi-layer variant, deep neural collapse (DNC), describe a structured geometry that occurs in the features and weights of trained deep networks. Recent theoretical work by Sukenik et al. using a deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Connall Garrod , Jonathan P. Keating

Deep learning has delivered its powerfulness in many application domains, especially in image and speech recognition. As the backbone of deep learning, deep neural networks (DNNs) consist of multiple layers of various types with hundreds to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-14 Sheng Lin , Ning Liu , Mahdi Nazemi , Hongjia Li , Caiwen Ding , Yanzhi Wang , Massoud Pedram

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are quantized for efficient inference on resource-constrained platforms. However, training deep learning models with low-precision weights and activations involves a demanding optimization task, which calls for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Ziang Long , Penghang Yin , Jack Xin

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are so over-parametrized that recent research has found them to already contain a subnetwork with high accuracy at their randomly initialized state. Finding these subnetworks is a viable alternative training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Ángel López García-Arias , Masanori Hashimoto , Masato Motomura , Jaehoon Yu

Domain adaptation aims at training a classifier in one dataset and applying it to a related but not identical dataset. One successfully used framework of domain adaptation is to learn a transformation to match both the distribution of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Xu Zhang , Felix Xinnan Yu , Shih-Fu Chang , Shengjin Wang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) can be made hardware-efficient by reducing the numerical precision of the weights and activations of the network and by improving the network's resilience to noise. However, this gain in efficiency often comes at…

Deep learning has revolutionized the computer vision and image classification domains. In this context Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) based architectures are the most widely applied models. In this article, we introduced two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Seyedsaman Emami , Gonzalo Martínez-Muñoz

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the backbone of state-of-art semantic image segmentation systems. Recent work has shown that complementing CNNs with fully-connected conditional random fields (CRFs) can significantly enhance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-03 Liang-Chieh Chen , Jonathan T. Barron , George Papandreou , Kevin Murphy , Alan L. Yuille

A recent study by De et al. (2022) has reported that large-scale representation learning through pre-training on a public dataset significantly enhances differentially private (DP) learning in downstream tasks, despite the high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Chendi Wang , Yuqing Zhu , Weijie J. Su , Yu-Xiang Wang

In Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based image processing, most of the studies propose networks that are optimized for a single-level (or a single-objective); thus, they underperform on other levels and must be retrained for delivery of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Hyeongmin Lee , Taeoh Kim , Hanbin Son , Sangwook Baek , Minsu Cheon , Sangyoun Lee

While deep learning models and techniques have achieved great empirical success, our understanding of the source of success in many aspects remains very limited. In an attempt to bridge the gap, we investigate the decision boundary of a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-03 Yu Li , Lizhong Ding , Xin Gao

In recent years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance across various domains. However, despite their success, they often face calibration issues, particularly in safety-critical applications such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jiani Ni , He Zhao , Jintong Gao , Dandan Guo , Hongyuan Zha

Edge offloading for deep neural networks (DNNs) can be adaptive to the input's complexity by using early-exit DNNs. These DNNs have side branches throughout their architecture, allowing the inference to end earlier in the edge. The branches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Roberto G. Pacheco , Fernanda D. V. R. Oliveira , Rodrigo S. Couto

The recently discovered Neural Collapse (NC) phenomenon occurs pervasively in today's deep net training paradigm of driving cross-entropy (CE) loss towards zero. During NC, last-layer features collapse to their class-means, both classifiers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 X. Y. Han , Vardan Papyan , David L. Donoho

Neural networks have achieved state of the art results in many areas, supposedly due to parameter sharing, locality, and depth. Tensor networks (TNs) are linear algebraic representations of quantum many-body states based on their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Philip Blagoveschensky , Anh Huy Phan