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Federated learning (FL) is recognized as a key enabling technology to support distributed artificial intelligence (AI) services in future 6G. By supporting decentralized data training and collaborative model training among devices, FL…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-02 Shaoming Huang , Pengfei Zhang , Yijie Mao , Lixiang Lian , Yuanming Shi

Federated learning (FL) enables edge devices to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing their raw data. Due to its privacy-protecting benefits, FL has been deployed in many real-world applications. However, deploying…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Zhidong Gao , Zhenxiao Zhang , Yu Zhang , Tongnian Wang , Yanmin Gong , Yuanxiong Guo

Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a shared model while preserving data privacy. However, the high memory demand during model training severely limits the deployment of FL on resource-constrained…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yebo Wu , Jingguang Li , Chunlin Tian , Kahou Tam , Li Li , Chengzhong Xu

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging technique used to train a machine-learning model collaboratively using the data and computation resource of the mobile devices without exposing privacy-sensitive user data. Appropriate incentive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Takayuki Nishio , Ryoichi Shinkuma , Narayan B. Mandayam

Federated learning (FL) systems facilitate distributed machine learning across a server and multiple devices. However, FL systems have low resource utilization on servers and devices, limiting their practical use in the real world. This…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zihan Zhang , Leon Wong , Blesson Varghese

The paper studies a fundamental federated learning (FL) problem involving multiple clients with heterogeneous constrained resources. Compared with the numerous training parameters, the computing and communication resources of clients are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Ruirui Zhang , Xingze Wu , Yifei Zou , Zhenzhen Xie , Peng Li , Xiuzhen Cheng , Dongxiao Yu

Applying Federated Learning (FL) on Internet-of-Things devices is necessitated by the large volumes of data they produce and growing concerns of data privacy. However, there are three challenges that need to be addressed to make FL…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Di Wu , Rehmat Ullah , Paul Harvey , Peter Kilpatrick , Ivor Spence , Blesson Varghese

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning scheme that enables deep learning to be applied to sensitive data streams and applications in a privacy-preserving manner. This paper focuses on the use of FL for analyzing smart energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Abhishek Duttagupta , Jin Zhao , Shanker Shreejith

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging, privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm, drawing tremendous attention in both academia and industry. A unique characteristic of FL is heterogeneity, which resides in the various hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Chengxu Yang , Qipeng Wang , Mengwei Xu , Zhenpeng Chen , Kaigui Bian , Yunxin Liu , Xuanzhe Liu

Energy harvesting (EH) IoT devices that operate intermittently without batteries, coupled with advances in deep neural networks (DNNs), have opened up new opportunities for enabling sustainable smart applications. Nevertheless, implementing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Sahidul Islam , Jieren Deng , Shanglin Zhou , Chen Pan , Caiwen Ding , Mimi Xie

Federated Learning (FL) empowers multiple clients to collaboratively train machine learning models without sharing local data, making it highly applicable in heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT) environments. However, intrinsic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Xi Chen , Qin Li , Haibin Cai , Ting Wang

The use of deep learning (DL) on Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile devices offers numerous advantages over cloud-based processing. However, such devices face substantial energy constraints to prolong battery-life, or may even operate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Josh Millar , Hamed Haddadi , Anil Madhavapeddy

Federated Learning (FL) has become a viable technique for realizing privacy-enhancing distributed deep learning on the network edge. Heterogeneous hardware, unreliable client devices, and energy constraints often characterize edge computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Herbert Woisetschläger , Alexander Erben , Ruben Mayer , Shiqiang Wang , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a solution to deal with the risk of privacy leaks in machine learning training. This approach allows a variety of mobile devices to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Young Geun Kim , Carole-Jean Wu

A Federated Learning (FL) system collaboratively trains neural networks across devices and a server but is limited by significant on-device computation costs. Split Federated Learning (SFL) systems mitigate this by offloading a block of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Zihan Zhang , Leon Wong , Blesson Varghese

Federated Learning (FL) is a practical approach to train deep learning models collaboratively across user-end devices, protecting user privacy by retaining raw data on-device. In FL, participating user-end devices are highly fragmented in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Gyudong Kim , Mehdi Ghasemi , Soroush Heidari , Seungryong Kim , Young Geun Kim , Sarma Vrudhula , Carole-Jean Wu

This paper investigates federated learning in a wireless communication system, where random device selection is employed with non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data. The analysis indicates that while training deep…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-28 Kaidi Wang , Zhiguo Ding , Daniel K. C. So , Zhi Ding

Federated Learning (FL) is a powerful paradigm for distributed learning, but its increasing complexity leads to significant energy consumption from client-side computations for training models. In particular, the challenge is critical in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Eunjeong Jeong , Nikolaos Pappas

Federated Learning (FL) enables distributed clients to collaboratively train models without exposing their private data. However, it is difficult to implement efficient FL due to limited resources. Most existing works compress the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Jiaming Yan , Jianchun Liu , Shilong Wang , Hongli Xu , Haifeng Liu , Jianhua Zhou

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising machine learning approach for Internet of Things (IoT), but it has to address network congestion problems when the population of IoT devices grows. Hierarchical FL (HFL) alleviates this issue by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Tinghao Zhang , Kwok-Yan Lam , Jun Zhao