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"Synthetic samples" based on large language models (LLMs) have been argued to serve as efficient alternatives to surveys of humans, assuming that their training data includes information on human attitudes and behavior. However,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Leah von der Heyde , Anna-Carolina Haensch , Alexander Wenz , Bolei Ma

In many applications, different populations are compared using data that are sampled in a biased manner. Under sampling biases, standard methods that estimate the difference between the population means yield unreliable inferences. Here we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-12 Dave Zachariah , Petre Stoica

Iterative data generation and model re-training can effectively align large language models(LLMs) to human preferences. The process of data sampling is crucial, as it significantly influences the success of policy improvement. Repeated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Hai Ye , Hwee Tou Ng

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing, yet face challenges in specialized tasks such as simulating opinions on environmental policies. This paper introduces a novel fine-tuning approach that integrates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Haocheng Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are capable of generating opinions and propagating bias unknowingly, originating from unrepresentative and non-diverse data collection. Prior research has analysed these opinions with respect to the West,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hari Shankar , Vedanta S P , Tejas Cavale , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Abhijnan Chakraborty

A central challenge in social science is to generate rich qualitative hypotheses about how diverse social groups might interpret new information. This article introduces and illustrates a novel methodological approach for this purpose:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hugues Draelants

Large Language Models (LLMs) are a transformational technology, fundamentally changing how people obtain information and interact with the world. As people become increasingly reliant on them for an enormous variety of tasks, a body of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Nouar Aldahoul , Hazem Ibrahim , Matteo Varvello , Aaron Kaufman , Talal Rahwan , Yasir Zaki

Persona prompting is increasingly used in large language models (LLMs) to simulate views of various sociodemographic groups. However, how a persona prompt is formulated can significantly affect outcomes, raising concerns about the fidelity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Marlene Lutz , Indira Sen , Georg Ahnert , Elisa Rogers , Markus Strohmaier

Federal agencies and researchers increasingly use large language models to analyze and simulate public opinion. When AI mediates between the public and policymakers, accuracy across intersecting identities becomes consequential; inaccurate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sola Kim , Jieshu Wang , Marco A. Janssen , John M. Anderies

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have made them a popular information-seeking tool among end users. However, the statistical training methods for LLMs have raised concerns about their representation of under-represented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Shiran Dudy , Thulasi Tholeti , Resmi Ramachandranpillai , Muhammad Ali , Toby Jia-Jun Li , Ricardo Baeza-Yates

Social choice theory is the study of preference aggregation across a population, used both in mechanism design for human agents and in the democratic alignment of language models. In this study, we propose the representative social choice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Tianyi Qiu

Large Language Models have been demonstrating broadly satisfactory generative abilities for users, which seems to be due to the intensive use of human feedback that refines responses. Nevertheless, suggestibility inherited via human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Leonardo Ranaldi , Giulia Pucci

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential in social science research by emulating human perceptions and behaviors, a concept referred to as algorithmic fidelity. This study assesses the algorithmic fidelity and bias of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 S. Lee , T. Q. Peng , M. H. Goldberg , S. A. Rosenthal , J. E. Kotcher , E. W. Maibach , A. Leiserowitz

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has proven to be a tool that could help in the automatic detection of sexism. Previous studies have shown that these models contain biases that do not accurately reflect reality, especially for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Judith Tavarez-Rodríguez , Fernando Sánchez-Vega , A. Pastor López-Monroy

Cognitive biases often shape human decisions. While large language models (LLMs) have been shown to reproduce well-known biases, a more critical question is whether LLMs can predict biases at the individual level and emulate the dynamics of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Stephen Pilli , Vivek Nallur

Large language models (LLMs) are known to generate biased responses where the opinions of certain groups and populations are underrepresented. Here, we present a novel approach to achieve controllable generation of specific viewpoints using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Junyi Li , Ninareh Mehrabi , Charith Peris , Palash Goyal , Kai-Wei Chang , Aram Galstyan , Richard Zemel , Rahul Gupta

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous in many fields, understanding and mitigating LLM biases is an ongoing issue. This paper provides a novel method for evaluating the demographic biases of various generative AI models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jack H Fagan , Ruhaan Juyaal , Amy Yue-Ming Yu , Siya Pun

The use of large language models (LLMs) to simulate human behavior has gained significant attention, particularly through personas that approximate individual characteristics. Persona-based simulations hold promise for transforming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Ang Li , Haozhe Chen , Hongseok Namkoong , Tianyi Peng

This paper investigates the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to synthesize public opinion data, addressing challenges in traditional survey methods like declining response rates and non-response bias. We introduce a novel technique: role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Rabimba Karanjai , Boris Shor , Amanda Austin , Ryan Kennedy , Yang Lu , Lei Xu , Weidong Shi

Pretrained language models (PLMs), such as GPT2, have achieved remarkable empirical performance in text generation tasks. However, pretrained on large-scale natural language corpora, the generated text from PLMs may exhibit social bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Rui Wang , Pengyu Cheng , Ricardo Henao