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Categorical variables are of uttermost importance in biomedical research. When two of them are considered, it is often the case that one wants to test whether or not they are statistically dependent. We show weaknesses of classical methods…

This article proposes an inferential framework for comparing predictor importance in classification problems with categorical response variables. The approach is based on the categorical Gini correlation (CGC) proposed by Dang et al.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Sameera Hewage , Yongli Sang

We generalize Levene's test for variance (scale) heterogeneity between $k$ groups for more complex data, which includes sample correlation and group membership uncertainty. Following a two-stage regression framework, we show that least…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-05-19 David Soave , Lei Sun

We propose an independence test for random variables valued into metric spaces by using a test statistic obtained from appropriately centering and rescaling the squared Hilbert-Schmidt norm of the usual empirical estimator of normalized…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-11 Terence Kevin Manfoumbi Djonguet , Guy Martial Nkiet

We consider the problem of conditional independence (CI) testing and adopt a kernel-based approach. Kernel-based CI tests embed variables in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, regress their embeddings on the conditioning variables, and test…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-07 Luca Bergen , Dino Sejdinovic , Vanessa Didelez

Conditional independence testing is an important problem, especially in Bayesian network learning and causal discovery. Due to the curse of dimensionality, testing for conditional independence of continuous variables is particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Kun Zhang , Jonas Peters , Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schoelkopf

Survival extropy, which quantifies the uncertainty associated with the remaining lifetime distribution, provides an information-theoretic perspective on survival behavior. We consider a divergence measure based on survival extropy and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-03 Naresh Garg , Isha Dewan , Sudheesh Kumar Kattumannil

This article addresses the problem of testing the conditional independence of two generic random vectors $X$ and $Y$ given a third random vector $Z$, which plays an important role in statistical and machine learning applications. We propose…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-26 Yi Zhang , Linjun Huang , Yun Yang , Xiaofeng Shao

We describe a data-efficient, kernel-based approach to statistical testing of conditional independence. A major challenge of conditional independence testing is to obtain the correct test level (the specified upper bound on the rate of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Roman Pogodin , Antonin Schrab , Yazhe Li , Danica J. Sutherland , Arthur Gretton

The coefficient of variation, which measures the variability of a distribution from its mean, is not uniquely defined in the multidimensional case, and so is the multidimensional Gini index, which measures the inequality of a distribution…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Gennaro Auricchio , Paolo Giudici , Giuseppe Toscani

This paper introduces a class of jackknife-based test statistics for linear regression models with endogeneity and heteroskedasticity in the presence of many potentially weak instrumental variables. The tests may be used when considering…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-20 Federico Crudu , Giovanni Mellace , Zsolt Sándor

Categorical Gini Correlation (CGC), introduced by Dang et al. (2020), is a novel dependence measure designed to quantify the association between a numerical variable and a categorical variable. It has appealing properties compared to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Sameera Hewage

Randomness or mutual independence is a fundamental assumption forming the basis of statistical inference across disciplines such as economics, finance, and management. Consequently, validating this assumption is essential for the reliable…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-27 Shriya Gehlot , Arnab Kumar Laha

Over the last couple of decades, several copula based methods have been proposed in the literature to test for the independence among several random variables. But these existing tests are not invariant under monotone transformations of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-15 Angshuman Roy , Anil Ghosh , Alok Goswami , C. A. Murthy

In this paper, we obtain a new characterization result for symmetric distributions based on the entropy measure. Using the characterization, we propose a nonparametric test to test the symmetry of a distribution. We also develop the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-14 Ganesh Vishnu Avhad , Ananya Lahiri , Sudheesh K. Kattumannil

We introduce a new test for conditional independence which is based on what we call the weighted generalised covariance measure (WGCM). It is an extension of the recently introduced generalised covariance measure (GCM). To test the null…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-17 Cyrill Scheidegger , Julia Hörrmann , Peter Bühlmann

In this paper we use a well know method in statistics, the $\delta$-method, to provide an asymptotic distribution for the Mutual Information, and construct and independence test based on it. Interesting connections are found with the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-26 Marius Marinescu , Costel Balcau

We present a novel approach to test for heteroscedasticity of a non-stationary time series that is based on Gini's mean difference of logarithmic local sample variances. In order to analyse the large sample behaviour of our test statistic,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-24 Sara Kristin Schmidt , Max Wornowizki , Roland Fried , Herold Dehling

Conditional independence (CI) testing arises naturally in many scientific problems and applications domains. The goal of this problem is to investigate the conditional independence between a response variable $Y$ and another variable $X$,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Adel Javanmard , Mohammad Mehrabi

Testing hypothesis of independence between two random elements on a joint alphabet is a fundamental exercise in statistics. Pearson's chi-squared test is an effective test for such a situation when the contingency table is relatively small.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-19 Jialin Zhang , Zhiyi Zhang