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Neural networks span a wide range of applications of industrial and commercial significance. Binary neural networks (BNN) are particularly effective in trading accuracy for performance, energy efficiency or hardware/software complexity.…

The memristance of a memristor depends on the amount of charge flowing through it and when current stops flowing through it, it remembers the state. Thus, memristors are extremely suited for implementation of memory units. Memristors find…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Udit Kumar Agarwal , Shikhar Makhija , Varun Tripathi , Kunwar Singh

Processing-using-DRAM has been proposed for a limited set of basic operations (i.e., logic operations, addition). However, in order to enable the full adoption of processing-using-DRAM, it is necessary to provide support for more complex…

With the rapid growth of deep neural networks (DNNs), compute-in-memory (CIM) has emerged as a promising energy-efficient paradigm for accelerating multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations. Yet, current CIM architectures are largely limited…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Subhradip Chakraborty , Ankur Singh , Akhilesh R. Jaiswal

RISC-V ISA-based processors have recently emerged as both powerful and energy-efficient computing platforms. The release of the MILK-V Pioneer marked a significant milestone as the first desktop-grade RISC-V system. With increasing…

The evolution of quantization and mixed-precision techniques has unlocked new possibilities for enhancing the speed and energy efficiency of NNs. Several recent studies indicate that adapting precision levels across different parameters can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Giorgos Armeniakos , Alexis Maras , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

To maximize hardware efficiency and performance accuracy in Compute-In-Memory (CIM)-based neural network accelerators for Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications, co-optimizing both software and hardware design parameters is essential.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Olga Krestinskaya , Mohammed E. Fouda , Ahmed Eltawil , Khaled N. Salama

Processing-in-memory (PIM) is a promising choice for accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs) featuring high efficiency and low power. However, the rapid upscaling of neural network model sizes poses a crucial challenge for the limited…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Ruibao Wang , Bonan Yan

Processing-using-DRAM has been proposed for a limited set of basic operations (i.e., logic operations, addition). However, in order to enable full adoption of processing-using-DRAM, it is necessary to provide support for more complex…

Processing-in-memory (PIM) promises to alleviate the data movement bottleneck in modern computing systems. However, current real-world PIM systems have the inherent disadvantage that their hardware is more constrained than in conventional…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Maurus Item , Juan Gómez-Luna , Yuxin Guo , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Onur Mutlu

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures have seen an increase in popularity recently, as the high internal bandwidth available within 3D-stacked memory provides greater incentive to move some computation into the logic layer of the memory.…

Recently, analog compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures based on emerging analog non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies have been explored for deep neural networks (DNN) to improve energy efficiency. Such architectures, however, leverage…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-07 Zhe Wan , Tianyi Wang , Yiming Zhou , Subramanian S. Iyer , Vwani P. Roychowdhury

In this paper is proposed a technique to integrate and simulate a dynamic memory in a multiprocessor framework based on C/C++/SystemC. Using host machine's memory management capabilities, dynamic data processing is supported without…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 O. Villa , P. Schaumont , I. Verbauwhede , M. Monchiero , G. Palermo

Memory simulators are used to estimate application performance on advanced memory systems, yet they may exhibit significant discrepancies compared to real hardware. This paper investigates two key questions: (1) what causes these…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Pouya Esmaili-Dokht , Arash Yadegari , Victor Xirau , Julian Pavon , Adrian Cristal , Eduard Ayguade , Petar Radojkovic

The ability to dynamically allocate memory is fundamental in modern programming languages. However, this feature is not adequately supported in current general-purpose PIM devices. To identify key design principles that PIM must consider,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Dongjae Lee , Bongjoon Hyun , Youngjin Kwon , Minsoo Rhu

Data-intensive computing tasks, such as training neural networks, are crucial for artificial intelligence applications but often come with high energy demands. One promising solution is to develop specialized hardware that directly maps…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ankur Singh , Dowon Kim , Byung-Geun Lee

Mastering computational architectures is essential for developing fast and power-efficient programs. Our advanced simulator empowers both IT students and professionals to grasp the fundamentals of superscalar RISC-V processors, HW/SW…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Jiri Jaros , Michal Majer , Jakub Horky , Jan Vavra

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) represent a biologically inspired computation model capable of emulating neural computation in human brain and brain-like structures. The main promise is very low energy consumption. Unfortunately, classic Von…

Analog Compute-In-Memory (CIM) architectures promise significant energy efficiency gains for neural network inference, but suffer from complex hardware-induced noise that poses major challenges for deployment. While noise-aware training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yuannuo Feng , Wenyong Zhou , Yuexi Lyu , Yixiang Zhang , Zhengwu Liu , Ngai Wong , Wang Kang

Structured sparsity enables deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained systems. Approaches like dense-to-sparse fine-tuning are particularly compelling, achieving remarkable structured sparsity by reducing the model size…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-14 João Paulo Cardoso de Lima , Marc Dietrich , Jeronimo Castrillon , Asif Ali Khan