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As Large Language Models (LLMs) perform (and sometimes excel at) more and more complex cognitive tasks, a natural question is whether AI really understands. The study of understanding in LLMs is in its infancy, and the community has yet to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mirabel Reid , Santosh S. Vempala

In recent years, the integration of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized the field of robotics, enabling robots to communicate, understand, and reason with human-like proficiency. This paper explores the multifaceted impact of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Yeseung Kim , Dohyun Kim , Jieun Choi , Jisang Park , Nayoung Oh , Daehyung Park

Human reasoning can distill principles from observed patterns and generalize them to explain and solve novel problems. The most powerful artificial intelligence systems lack explainability and symbolic reasoning ability, and have therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Paul J. Blazek , Kesavan Venkatesh , Milo M. Lin

Deep learning expresses a category of machine learning algorithms that have the capability to combine raw inputs into intermediate features layers. These deep learning algorithms have demonstrated great results in different fields. Deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Sukhdeep Singh , Sudhir Rohilla , Anuj Sharma

Deep learning (DL) has achieved great success in many applications, but it has been less well analyzed from the theoretical perspective. The unexplainable success of black-box DL models has raised questions among scientists and promoted the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Huu-Thiet Nguyen , Chien Chern Cheah , Kar-Ann Toh

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), marked by breakthroughs like 'AlphaEvolve' and 'Gemini Deep Think', is beginning to offer powerful new tools that have the potential to significantly alter the research practice in many…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Jonas Henkel

Can artificial intelligence unlock the secrets of the human brain? How do the inner mechanisms of deep learning models relate to our neural circuits? Is it possible to enhance AI by tapping into the power of brain recordings? These…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-31 Subba Reddy Oota , Zijiao Chen , Manish Gupta , Raju S. Bapi , Gael Jobard , Frederic Alexandre , Xavier Hinaut

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often criticized for lacking true "understanding" and the ability to "reason" with their knowledge, being seen merely as autocomplete systems. We believe that this assessment might be missing a nuanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Venkat Venkatasubramanian

Deep learning networks have been trained to recognize speech, caption photographs and translate text between languages at high levels of performance. Although applications of deep learning networks to real world problems have become…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-02-13 Terrence J. Sejnowski

Deep learning has emerged as a technique of choice for rapid feature extraction across imaging disciplines, allowing rapid conversion of the data streams to spatial or spatiotemporal arrays of features of interest. However, applications of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-01-25 Ayana Ghosh , Bobby G. Sumpter , Ondrej Dyck , Sergei V. Kalinin , Maxim Ziatdinov

Identifying logical errors in complex, incomplete or even contradictory and overall heterogeneous data like students' experimentation protocols is challenging. Recognizing the limitations of current evaluation methods, we investigate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Arne Bewersdorff , Kathrin Seßler , Armin Baur , Enkelejda Kasneci , Claudia Nerdel

The key to success in machine learning (ML) is the use of effective data representations. Traditionally, data representations were hand-crafted. Recently it has been demonstrated that, given sufficient data, deep neural networks can learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Ivan Olier , Oghenejokpeme I. Orhobor , Joaquin Vanschoren , Ross D. King

Large language models (LLMs) have substantially advanced machine learning research, including natural language processing, computer vision, data mining, etc., yet they still exhibit critical limitations in explainability, reliability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xin Wang , Haoyang Li , Haibo Chen , Zeyang Zhang , Wenwu Zhu

In this study, we explore the integration of Neural Networks, a powerful class of functions known for their exceptional approximation capabilities. Our primary emphasis is on the integration of multi-layer Neural Networks, a challenging…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-20 Yucong Liu

Deep learning has demonstrated the power of detailed modeling of complex high-order (multivariate) interactions in data. For some learning tasks there is power in learning models that are not only Deep but also Broad. By Broad, we mean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-07 Nayyar A. Zaidi , Geoffrey I. Webb , Mark J. Carman , Francois Petitjean

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in learning complex hierarchical data representations, but the nature of these representations remains largely unknown. Existing global explainability methods, such as Network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Kirill Bykov , Laura Kopf , Shinichi Nakajima , Marius Kloft , Marina M. -C. Höhne

Large language models (LLMs) make remarkable progress in reasoning tasks. Among different reasoning modes, inductive reasoning, due to its better alignment with human learning, attracts increasing interest. However, research on inductive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Kedi Chen , Zhikai Lei , Xu Guo , Xuecheng Wu , Siyuan Zeng , Jianghao Yin , Yinqi Zhang , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Liang He , Qipeng Guo , Kai Chen , Wei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive competence in various tasks, but their internal mechanisms on mathematical problems are still under-explored. In this paper, we study a fundamental question: how language models encode…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Fangwei Zhu , Damai Dai , Zhifang Sui

This research aims to unravel how large language models (LLMs) iteratively refine token predictions through internal processing. We utilized a logit lens technique to analyze the model's token predictions derived from intermediate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jaturong Kongmanee

Recent times are witnessing rapid development in machine learning algorithm systems, especially in reinforcement learning, natural language processing, computer and robot vision, image processing, speech, and emotional processing and…