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With the surge in digital content in low-resource languages, there is an escalating demand for advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques tailored to these languages. BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Pranita Deshmukh , Nikita Kulkarni , Sanhita Kulkarni , Kareena Manghani , Raviraj Joshi

Large pre-trained models are commonly adapted to downstream tasks using parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), which injects small trainable low-rank matrices instead of updating all weights. While LoRA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nurbek Tastan , Stefanos Laskaridis , Martin Takac , Karthik Nandakumar , Samuel Horvath

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown extraordinary success across various text generation tasks; however, their potential for simple yet essential text classification remains underexplored, as LLM pre-training tends to emphasize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zhexiong Liu , Diane Litman

Parameter-Efficient FineTuning (PEFT) methods have recently gained significant popularity thanks to the widespread availability of large-scale pretrained models. These methods allow for quick adaptation to downstream tasks with minimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Massimo Bini , Leander Girrbach , Zeynep Akata

Large language models have recently surpassed specialized systems on code generation, yet their effectiveness on other code-analysis tasks remains less clear. At the same time, multi-task learning offers a way to unify diverse objectives…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Amal Akli , Maxime Cordy , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, which fine-tune only a subset of model parameters, offer a promising solution by reducing the computational costs of tuning large language models (LLMs) while maintaining their performance.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 André Storhaug , Jingyue Li

Large language models (LLMs) and vision language models (VLMs) demonstrate excellent performance on a wide range of tasks by scaling up parameter counts from O(10^9) to O(10^{12}) levels and further beyond. These large scales make it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yaqing Wang , Jialin Wu , Tanmaya Dabral , Jiageng Zhang , Geoff Brown , Chun-Ta Lu , Frederick Liu , Yi Liang , Bo Pang , Michael Bendersky , Radu Soricut

Recently, we have observed that Large Multi-modal Models (LMMs) are revolutionizing the way machines interact with the world, unlocking new possibilities across various multi-modal applications. To adapt LMMs for downstream tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Donghoon Kim , Gusang Lee , Kyuhong Shim , Byonghyo Shim

Recent literature on fine-tuning Large Language Models highlights a fundamental debate. While Full Fine-Tuning (FFT) provides the representational plasticity required for high-entropy knowledge injection, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haozhan Tang , Xiuqi Zhu , Xinyin Zhang , Boxun Li , Virginia Smith , Kevin Kuo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven highly effective in automating software engineering tasks, bridging natural language and code semantics to achieve notable results in code generation and summarization. However, their scale incurs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Md Zahidul Haque , Saima Afrin , Antonio Mastropaolo

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) that was initially developed for exploiting pre-trained large language models has recently emerged as an effective approach to perform transfer learning on computer vision tasks. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chenyu Lian , Hong-Yu Zhou , Yizhou Yu , Liansheng Wang

Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have been extensively utilized in Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve the down-streaming tasks without the cost of fine-tuing the whole LLMs. Recent studies have shown how to effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Zhiyuan Peng , Xuyang Wu , Qifan Wang , Sravanthi Rajanala , Yi Fang

The rapid growth in the parameter size of Large Language Models (LLMs) has spurred the development of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods to mitigate the substantial computational costs of fine-tuning. Among these, Fisher Induced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Kang Xue , Ming Dong , Xinhui Tu , Tingting He

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is a flexible and efficient method for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. Among these methods, weight-decomposed low-rank adaptation (DoRA) is a promising approach that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Peijia Qin , Ruiyi Zhang , Pengtao Xie

Large-scale pre-training of deep models, followed by fine-tuning them, has become the cornerstone of natural language processing (NLP). The prevalence of data coupled with computational resources has led to large models with a considerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Rachel S. Y. Teo , Tan M. Nguyen

Although large-scale pre-trained models hold great potential for adapting to downstream tasks through fine-tuning, the performance of such fine-tuned models is often limited by the difficulty of collecting sufficient high-quality,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Siqi Ping , Yuzhu Mao , Yang Liu , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Wenbo Ding

This paper introduces a novel Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) framework for multi-modal, multi-task transfer learning with pre-trained language models. PEFT techniques such as LoRA, BitFit and IA3 have demonstrated comparable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Avelina Asada Hadji-Kyriacou , Ognjen Arandjelovic

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in natural language processing. The impracticality of full fine-tuning has prompted Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), optimizing low-rank matrices A and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jiayu Huang , Xiaohu Wu , Tiantian He , Qicheng Lao

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a crucial approach for adapting large foundational models to specific tasks, particularly as model sizes continue to grow exponentially. Among PEFT methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Igor Sokolov , Abdurakhmon Sadiev , Yury Demidovich , Fawaz S Al-Qahtani , Peter Richtárik

As large language models (LLMs) are widely adopted, new safety issues and policies emerge, to which existing safety classifiers do not generalize well. If we have only observed a few examples of violations of a new safety rule, how can we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Ananth Balashankar , Xiao Ma , Aradhana Sinha , Ahmad Beirami , Yao Qin , Jilin Chen , Alex Beutel