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We introduce CroissantLLM, a 1.3B language model pretrained on a set of 3T English and French tokens, to bring to the research and industrial community a high-performance, fully open-sourced bilingual model that runs swiftly on…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are undergoing rapid progress and represent the frontier of AI development. However, their training and inference efficiency have emerged as a core bottleneck in making MLLMs more accessible and…

As foundation AI models continue to increase in size, an important question arises - is massive scale the only path forward? This survey of about 160 papers presents a family of Small Language Models (SLMs) in the 1 to 8 billion parameter…

This paper presents Open Unified Speech Language Models (OpusLMs), a family of open foundational speech language models (SpeechLMs) up to 7B. Initialized from decoder-only text language models, the OpusLMs are continuously pre-trained on…

Open-source, multilingual medical large language models (LLMs) have the potential to serve linguistically diverse populations across different regions. Adapting generic LLMs for healthcare often requires continual pretraining, but this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Meng Zhou , Surajsinh Parmar , Anubhav Bhatti

We present an approach to build Large Language Model (LLM) based slot-filling system to perform Dialogue State Tracking in conversational assistants serving across a wide variety of industry-grade applications. Key requirements of this…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are general-purpose tools with wide-ranging applications, including in materials science. In this work, we introduce aLLoyM, a fine-tuned LLM specifically trained on alloy compositions, temperatures, and their…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-04-30 Yuna Oikawa , Guillaume Deffrennes , Taichi Abe , Ryo Tamura , Koji Tsuda

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced the state of the art in natural language processing. However, their predominant design for English or a limited set of languages creates a substantial gap in their effectiveness for low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Peiqin Lin , Shaoxiong Ji , Jörg Tiedemann , André F. T. Martins , Hinrich Schütze

Large Language Models (LLMs) have consistently showcased remarkable generalization capabilities when applied to various language tasks. Nonetheless, harnessing the full potential of LLMs for Radiology Report Generation (R2Gen) still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zhanyu Wang , Lingqiao Liu , Lei Wang , Luping Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in real-world applications, yet little is known about their training dynamics at the token level. Evaluation typically relies on aggregated training loss, measured at the batch level, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Andrea Pinto , Tomer Galanti , Randall Balestriero

The increase in technological adoption worldwide comes with demands for novel tools to be used by the general population. Large Language Models (LLMs) provide a great opportunity in this respect, but their capabilities remain limited for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Stefan Krsteski , Matea Tashkovska , Borjan Sazdov , Hristijan Gjoreski , Branislav Gerazov

In this report, we introduce Qwen2.5, a comprehensive series of large language models (LLMs) designed to meet diverse needs. Compared to previous iterations, Qwen 2.5 has been significantly improved during both the pre-training and…

With the growing need for efficient language models in resource-constrained environments, Small Language Models (SLMs) have emerged as compact and practical alternatives to Large Language Models (LLMs). While studies have explored noise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Nicy Scaria , Silvester John Joseph Kennedy , Deepak Subramani

We explore the potential of enhancing LLM performance in astronomy-focused question-answering through targeted, continual pre-training. By employing a compact 7B-parameter LLaMA-2 model and focusing exclusively on a curated set of astronomy…

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown outstanding potential for role-playing applications. Evaluating these capabilities is becoming crucial yet remains challenging. Existing benchmarks mostly adopt a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hao Xiang , Tianyi Tang , Yang Su , Bowen Yu , An Yang , Fei Huang , Yichang Zhang , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Jingren Zhou , Junyang Lin , Le Sun

We introduce InternVL 2.5, an advanced multimodal large language model (MLLM) series that builds upon InternVL 2.0, maintaining its core model architecture while introducing significant enhancements in training and testing strategies as…

Multimodal foundation models, such as Gemini and ChatGPT, have revolutionized human-machine interactions by seamlessly integrating various forms of data. Developing a universal spoken language model that comprehends a wide range of natural…

Large Language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on a wide range of tasks, including in multimodal settings such as speech. However, their evaluation is often limited to English and a few high-resource languages. For…

Given the great success of large language models (LLMs) across various tasks, in this paper, we introduce LLM-ST, a novel and effective speech translation model constructed upon a pre-trained LLM. By integrating the large language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Zhichao Huang , Rong Ye , Tom Ko , Qianqian Dong , Shanbo Cheng , Mingxuan Wang , Hang Li

In this paper, we introduce our work of building a Streaming Multilingual Speech Model (SM2), which can transcribe or translate multiple spoken languages into texts of the target language. The backbone of SM2 is Transformer Transducer,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Jian Xue , Peidong Wang , Jinyu Li , Eric Sun