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While the NLP community has produced numerous summarization benchmarks, none provide the rich annotations required to simultaneously address many important problems related to control and reliability. We introduce a Wikipedia-derived…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Kundan Krishna , Prakhar Gupta , Sanjana Ramprasad , Byron C. Wallace , Jeffrey P. Bigham , Zachary C. Lipton

We propose a new reference-free summary quality evaluation measure, with emphasis on the faithfulness. The measure is designed to find and count all possible minute inconsistencies of the summary with respect to the source document. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Oleg Vasilyev , John Bohannon

Hallucinations pose a significant challenge to the reliability of neural models for abstractive summarisation. While automatically generated summaries may be fluent, they often lack faithfulness to the original document. This issue becomes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Yifu Qiu , Yftah Ziser , Anna Korhonen , Edoardo M. Ponti , Shay B. Cohen

A typical product or place often has hundreds of reviews, and summarization of these texts is an important and challenging problem. Recent progress on abstractive summarization in domains such as news has been driven by supervised systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Annie Louis , Joshua Maynez

The task of scientific Natural Language Inference (NLI) involves predicting the semantic relation between two sentences extracted from research articles. This task was recently proposed along with a new dataset called SciNLI derived from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Mobashir Sadat , Cornelia Caragea

Verification of model outputs is rapidly emerging as a key primitive for both training and real-world deployment of large language models (LLMs). In practice, this often involves using imperfect LLM judges and reward models since ground…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-21 Joonhyuk Lee , Virginia Ma , Sarah Zhao , Yash Nair , Asher Spector , Regev Cohen , Emmanuel J. Candès

We consider the problem of better modeling query-cluster interactions to facilitate query focused multi-document summarization (QFS). Due to the lack of training data, existing work relies heavily on retrieval-style methods for estimating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Yumo Xu , Mirella Lapata

Self-awareness, i.e., the ability to assess and correct one's own generation, is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence, making its replication in large language models (LLMs) an important yet challenging task. Previous works tackle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Hyunseok Lee , Seunghyuk Oh , Jaehyung Kim , Jinwoo Shin , Jihoon Tack

The prevailing approach to aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) typically relies on human or AI feedback and assumes access to specific types of preference datasets. In our work, we question the efficacy of such datasets and explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Hao Sun

We revisit the reference determinacy (RD) assumption in the task of natural language inference (NLI), i.e., the premise and hypothesis are assumed to refer to the same context when human raters annotate a label. While RD is a practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Sihao Chen , Chaitanya Malaviya , Alex Fabrikant , Hagai Taitelbaum , Tal Schuster , Senaka Buthpitiya , Dan Roth

Faceted summarization provides briefings of a document from different perspectives. Readers can quickly comprehend the main points of a long document with the help of a structured outline. However, little research has been conducted on this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Rui Meng , Khushboo Thaker , Lei Zhang , Yue Dong , Xingdi Yuan , Tong Wang , Daqing He

Reliable evaluation of large language model (LLM)-generated summaries remains an open challenge, particularly across heterogeneous domains and document lengths. We conduct a comprehensive meta-evaluation of 14 automatic summarization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Huyen Nguyen , Haoxuan Zhang , Yang Zhang , Junhua Ding , Haihua Chen

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly produce natural language explanations, yet these explanations often lack faithfulness, and they do not reliably reflect the evidence the model uses to decide. We introduce FaithLM, a model-agnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yu-Neng Chuang , Guanchu Wang , Chia-Yuan Chang , Ruixiang Tang , Shaochen Zhong , Fan Yang , Mengnan Du , Xuanting Cai , Vladimir Braverman , Xia Hu

Negation is poorly captured by current language models, although the extent of this problem is not widely understood. We introduce a natural language inference (NLI) test suite to enable probing the capabilities of NLP methods, with the aim…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Thinh Hung Truong , Yulia Otmakhova , Timothy Baldwin , Trevor Cohn , Jey Han Lau , Karin Verspoor

Professional summaries are written with document-level information, such as the theme of the document, in mind. This is in contrast with most seq2seq decoders which simultaneously learn to focus on salient content, while deciding what to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Rahul Aralikatte , Shashi Narayan , Joshua Maynez , Sascha Rothe , Ryan McDonald

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate plausible free text self-explanations to justify their answers. However, these natural language explanations may not accurately reflect the model's actual reasoning process, pinpointing a lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Milan Bhan , Jean-Noel Vittaut , Nicolas Chesneau , Sarath Chandar , Marie-Jeanne Lesot

Neural abstractive summarization models are flexible and can produce coherent summaries, but they are sometimes unfaithful and can be difficult to control. While previous studies attempt to provide different types of guidance to control the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Zi-Yi Dou , Pengfei Liu , Hiroaki Hayashi , Zhengbao Jiang , Graham Neubig

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit complementary strengths arising from differences in pretraining data, model architectures, and decoding behaviors. Inference-time ensembling provides a practical way to combine these capabilities without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Chengming Cui , Tianxin Wei , Ziyi Chen , Ruizhong Qiu , Zhichen Zeng , Zhining Liu , Xuying Ning , Duo Zhou , Jingrui He

The task of ultra-fine entity typing (UFET) seeks to predict diverse and free-form words or phrases that describe the appropriate types of entities mentioned in sentences. A key challenge for this task lies in the large amount of types and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Bangzheng Li , Wenpeng Yin , Muhao Chen

Factual consistency is one of the most important requirements when editing high quality documents. It is extremely important for automatic text generation systems like summarization, question answering, dialog modeling, and language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Tathagata Raha , Mukund Choudhary , Abhinav Menon , Harshit Gupta , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Manish Gupta , Vasudeva Varma
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