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Automatic evaluation with large language models, commonly known as LLM-as-a-judge, is now standard across reasoning and alignment tasks. Despite evaluating many samples in deployment, these evaluators typically (i) treat each case…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Seungyeon Jwa , Daechul Ahn , Reokyoung Kim , Dongyeop Kang , Jonghyun Choi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in Automated Essay Scoring (AES), but their zero-shot and few-shot performance often falls short compared to state-of-the-art models and human raters. However, fine-tuning LLMs for each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Seungju Kim , Meounggun Jo

Grammatical error correction (GEC) is the task of detecting and correcting errors in a written text. The idea of combining multiple system outputs has been successfully used in GEC. To achieve successful system combination, multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Wenjuan Han , Hwee Tou Ng

Recently, generative AIs like ChatGPT have become available to the wide public. These tools can for instance be used by students to generate essays or whole theses. But how does a teacher know whether a text is written by a student or an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Lorenz Mindner , Tim Schlippe , Kristina Schaaff

To solve the Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) problem , a mapping between a source sequence and a target one is needed, where the two differ only on few spans. For this reason, the attention has been shifted to the non-autoregressive or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Kamal Al-Sabahi , Kang Yang , Wangwang Liu , Guanyu Jiang , Xian Li , Ming Yang

BERT and its variants are extensively explored for automated scoring. However, a limit of 512 tokens for these encoder-based models showed the deficiency in automated scoring of long essays. Thus, this research explores generative language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Haowei Hua , Hong Jiao , Xinyi Wang

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) is crucial for modern education, particularly with the increasing prevalence of multimodal assessments. However, traditional AES methods struggle with evaluation generalizability and multimodal perception,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jiamin Su , Yibo Yan , Zhuoran Gao , Han Zhang , Xiang Liu , Xuming Hu

Generative AI (GenAI) is increasingly used in academic writing, yet its effects on students' writing self-efficacy remain contingent on how assistance is configured. This pilot study investigates how ideation-level, sentence-level,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yejoon Song , Bandi Kim , Yeju Kwon , Sung Park

Automatic short answer scoring (ASAS) helps reduce the grading burden on educators but often lacks detailed, explainable feedback. Existing methods in ASAS with feedback (ASAS-F) rely on fine-tuning language models with limited datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Menna Fateen , Bo Wang , Tsunenori Mine

Evaluating the performance of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) systems is a challenging task due to its subjectivity. Designing an evaluation metric that is as objective as possible is crucial to the development of GEC task. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Jingheng Ye , Yinghui Li , Qingyu Zhou , Yangning Li , Shirong Ma , Hai-Tao Zheng , Ying Shen

Grammatical error correction (GEC) aims to correct grammatical, spelling, and semantic errors in natural language text. With the growing of large language models (LLMs), direct text generation has gradually become the focus of the GEC…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Wei Li , Wen Luo , Guangyue Peng , Houfeng Wang

This study explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) as a complementary tool for grading essay-type questions in higher education, focusing on its consistency with human grading and potential to reduce biases. Using 70 handwritten…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Francisco Olivos , Tobias Kamelski , Sebastián Ascui-Gac

A major challenge in the field of Text Generation is evaluation: Human evaluations are cost-intensive, and automated metrics often display considerable disagreement with human judgments. In this paper, we propose a statistical model of Text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Jan Deriu , Pius von Däniken , Don Tuggener , Mark Cieliebak

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is one of the most revolutionary technologies today. It uses artificial intelligence to understand human text and spoken words. It is used for text summarization, grammar checking, sentiment analysis, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 G. M. Refatul Islam , Safwan Shaheer , Yaseen Nur , Mohammad Rafid Hamid

The text editing tasks, including sentence fusion, sentence splitting and rephrasing, text simplification, and Grammatical Error Correction (GEC), share a common trait of dealing with highly similar input and output sequences. This area of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Bohdan Didenko , Andrii Sameliuk

Text editing can involve several iterations of revision. Incorporating an efficient Grammar Error Correction (GEC) tool in the initial correction round can significantly impact further human editing effort and final text quality. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ankit Vadehra , Bill Johnson , Gene Saunders , Pascal Poupart

The writing examples of English language learners may be different from those of native speakers. Given that there is a significant differences in second language (L2) learners' error types by their proficiency levels, this paper attempts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Min Zeng , Jiexin Kuang , Mengyang Qiu , Jayoung Song , Jungyeul Park

Reference-free evaluation metrics for grammatical error correction (GEC) have achieved high correlation with human judgments. However, these metrics are not designed to evaluate adversarial systems that aim to obtain unjustifiably high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Takumi Goto , Yusuke Sakai , Taro Watanabe

Automated Essay Score (AES) is proven to be one of the cutting-edge technologies. Scoring techniques are used for various purposes. Reliable scores are calculated based on influential variables. Such variables can be computed by different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Bagiya Lakshmi S , Sanjjushri Varshini R , Rohith Mahadevan , Raja CSP Raman

Automatic Post-Editing (APE) aims to correct systematic errors in a machine translated text. This is primarily useful when the machine translation (MT) system is not accessible for improvement, leaving APE as a viable option to improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Rajen Chatterjee