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Related papers: Consistency Matters: Explore LLMs Consistency From…

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Large language models are increasingly applied to materials science, yet fundamental questions remain about their reliability and knowledge encoding. Evaluating 25 LLMs across four materials science tasks -- over 200 base and fine-tuned…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-03 Vineeth Venugopal , Soroush Mahjoubi , Elsa Olivetti

This paper investigates the complexities of integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into software products, with a focus on the challenges encountered for determining their readiness for release. Our systematic review of grey literature…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Harsh Patel , Dominique Boucher , Emad Fallahzadeh , Ahmed E. Hassan , Bram Adams

Self-consistency -- sampling multiple reasoning paths and selecting the most frequent answer -- was designed for an era when language models made frequent, unpredictable errors. This study argues that the technique has become increasingly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Chiyan Loo

With the emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), hundreds of benchmarks have been developed to ensure the reliability of MLLMs in downstream tasks. However, the evaluation mechanism itself may not be reliable. For developers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Chunyi Li , Xiaozhe Li , Zicheng Zhang , Yuan Tian , Ziheng Jia , Xiaohong Liu , Xiongkuo Min , Jia Wang , Haodong Duan , Kai Chen , Guangtao Zhai

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on function-level code generation benchmarks, yet real-world software development increasingly demands class-level implementations that integrate multiple methods,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Musfiqur Rahman , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab

Although measuring held-out accuracy has been the primary approach to evaluate generalization, it often overestimates the performance of NLP models, while alternative approaches for evaluating models either focus on individual tasks or on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Tongshuang Wu , Carlos Guestrin , Sameer Singh

The rapid proliferation of benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs) has created an urgent need for systematic methods to assess benchmark quality itself. We propose Benchmark^2, a comprehensive framework comprising three…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming ubiquitous both as stand-alone tools and as components of current and future software systems. To enable usage of LLMs in the high-stake or safety-critical systems of 2030, they need to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Sinclair Hudson , Sophia Jit , Boyue Caroline Hu , Marsha Chechik

Survey researchers face two key challenges: the rising costs of probability samples and missing data (e.g., non-response or attrition), which can undermine inference and increase the use of convenience samples. Recent work explores using…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tobias Holtdirk , Dennis Assenmacher , Arnim Bleier , Claudia Wagner

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to revolutionize scientific research, yet their robustness and reliability in domain-specific applications remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we evaluate the performance and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Hongchen Wang , Kangming Li , Scott Ramsay , Yao Fehlis , Edward Kim , Jason Hattrick-Simpers

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming useful in many domains due to their impressive abilities that arise from large training datasets and large model sizes. However, research on LLM-based approaches to document inconsistency detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Nelvin Tan , Yaowen Zhang , James Asikin Cheung , Fusheng Liu , Yu-Ching Shih , Dong Yang

As Natural Language Generation (NLG) continues to be widely adopted, properly assessing it has become quite difficult. Lately, using large language models (LLMs) for evaluating these generations has gained traction, as they tend to align…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Rajarshi Haldar , Julia Hockenmaier

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly explored as flexible alternatives to classical machine learning models for classification tasks through zero-shot prompting. However, their suitability for structured tabular data remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Saeed AlMarri , Kristof Juhasz , Mathieu Ravaut , Gautier Marti , Hamdan Al Ahbabi , Ibrahim Elfadel

Large language models (LLMs) have enabled a range of applications in zero-shot and few-shot learning settings, including the generation of synthetic datasets for training and testing. However, to reliably use these synthetic datasets, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Gaurav Maheshwari , Dmitry Ivanov , Kevin El Haddad

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong performance on mathematical benchmarks. At the same time, they are prone to hallucination and sycophancy, often providing convincing but flawed proofs for incorrect mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ivo Petrov , Jasper Dekoninck , Martin Vechev

Lack of reliability is a well-known issue for reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. This problem has gained increasing attention in recent years, and efforts to improve it have grown substantially. To aid RL researchers and production…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-14 Stephanie C. Y. Chan , Samuel Fishman , John Canny , Anoop Korattikara , Sergio Guadarrama

Recent frontier-level LLMs have saturated many previously difficult benchmarks, leaving little room for further differentiation. This progress highlights the need for challenging benchmarks that provide objective verification. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hyeonseok Moon , Seongtae Hong , Jaehyung Seo , Heuiseok Lim

Systems often repeat the same prompt to large language models (LLMs) and aggregate responses to improve reliability. This short note analyzes an estimator of the self-consistency of LLMs and the tradeoffs it induces under a fixed compute…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Robert Nowak

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is witnessing a remarkable breakthrough driven by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs have gained significant attention across academia and industry for their versatile applications in text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Taojun Hu , Xiao-Hua Zhou

Machine unlearning has the potential to improve the safety of large language models (LLMs) by removing sensitive or harmful information post hoc. A key challenge in unlearning involves balancing between forget quality (effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Shengyuan Hu , Neil Kale , Pratiksha Thaker , Yiwei Fu , Steven Wu , Virginia Smith