Related papers: Unitally nondistributive quantales
A self-contained discussion of nonrelativistic quantum scattering is presented in the case of central potentials in one space dimension, which will facilitate the understanding of the more complex scattering theory in two and three…
Motivated by a recent paper of G. Gr\"atzer, a finite distributive lattice $D$ is said to be fully principal congruence representable if for every subset $Q$ of $D$ containing $0$, $1$, and the set $J(D)$ of nonzero join-irreducible…
In this paper we characterize the projective modules over an arbitrary quantale, and then we apply such a characterization in order to define the K_0 group of a quantale. Then we study congruences of quantales and quantale modules by means…
In this paper we address the characterization of the structure of condensed materials, periodic and non-periodic. Carrying out an extensive study of over 7000 different groundstate structures of a 2D lattice model of binary packing, we find…
The full lattices in a finite dimensional commutative ${\mathbb Q}$-algebra form a commutative semigroup. In the case of an algebraic number field the top part of a certain quotient semigroup is the class group. For a separable algebra some…
We study the finite basis problem for $4$-element additively idempotent semirings whose additive reducts have two minimal elements and one coatom. Up to isomorphism, there are $112$ such algebras. We show that $106$ of them are finitely…
The class of all quasigroups is covered by six classes: the class of all asymmetric quasigroups and five varieties of quasigroups (commutative, left symmetric, right symmetric, semi-symmetric and totally symmetric). Each of these classes is…
Given a join semilattice $S$ with a minimum $\hat{0}$, the quarks (also called atoms in order theory) are the elements that cover $\hat{0}$, and for each $x \in S \setminus \{\hat{0}\}$ a factorization (into quarks) of $x$ is a minimal set…
Quantum entanglement describes superposition states in multi-dimensional systems, at least two partite, which cannot be factorized and are thus non-separable. Non-separable states exist also in classical theories involving vector spaces. In…
We completely classify non-spanning $3$-polytopes, by which we mean lattice $3$-polytopes whose lattice points do not affinely span the lattice. We show that, except for six small polytopes (all having between five and eight lattice…
Spectrum constructions appear throughout mathematics as a way of constructing topological spaces from algebraic data. Given a commutative localic semiring R (the pointfree analogue of a topological semiring), we define a spectrum of R which…
It is an important feature of our existing physical theories that observables generate one-parameter groups of transformations. In classical Hamiltonian mechanics and quantum mechanics, this is due to the fact that the observables form a…
A clone on a set X is a set of finitary operations on X which contains all the projections and is closed under composition. The set of all clones forms a complete lattice Cl(X) with greatest element O, the set of all finitary operations.…
Let $Q$ be a subset of a finite distributive lattice $D$. An algebra $A$ represents the inclusion $Q\subseteq D$ by principal congruences if the congruence lattice of $A$ is isomorphic to $D$ and the ordered set of principal congruences of…
Commutative totally ordered monoids abound, number systems for example. When the monoid is not assumed commutative, one may be hard pressed to find an example. One suggested by Professor Orr Shalit are the countable ordinals with addition.…
The classification, up to a center-affinity, of the homogeneous quadratic differential systems defined on $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ that have at least a semisimple nonsingular derivation, is achieved. It is proved that there exist four…
A (positive definite and integral) quadratic form is said to be $\textit{prime-universal}$ if it represents all primes. Recently, Doyle and Williams in [2] classified all prime-universal diagonal ternary quadratic forms, and all…
A unital $\ell$-group $(G,u)$ is an abelian group $G$ equipped with a translation-invariant lattice-order and a distinguished element $u$, called order-unit, whose positive integer multiples eventually dominate each element of $G$. We…
An ordered semiring is a commutative semiring equipped with a compatible preorder. Ordered semirings generalise both distributive lattices and commutative rings, and provide a convenient framework to unify certain aspects of lattice theory…
It is known that non-commuting observables in quantum mechanics do not have joint probability. This statement refers to the precise (additive) probability model. I show that the joint distribution of any non-commuting pair of variables can…