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Large language models (LLMs) typically enhance their performance through either the retrieval of semantically similar information or the improvement of their reasoning capabilities. However, a significant challenge remains in effectively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Shuqi Liu , Bowei He , Chen Ma , Linqi Song

Large language model (LLM) agents rely on external tools to solve complex tasks, but real-world toolsets often contain redundant tools with overlapping names and descriptions, introducing ambiguity and reducing selection accuracy. LLMs also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Marianne Menglin Liu , Daniel Garcia , Fjona Parllaku , Vikas Upadhyay , Syed Fahad Allam Shah , Dan Roth

This paper explores the potential of large language models (LLMs) for task automation in the provision of technical services in the production machinery sector. By focusing on text correction, summarization, and question answering, the…

General Economics · Economics 2025-05-19 Jochen Wulf , Juerg Meierhofer

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on high-level semantic tasks, they often struggle with fine-grained, token-level understanding and structural reasoning--capabilities that are essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Chenzhuo Zhao , Xinda Wang , Yue Huang , Junting Lu , Ziqian Liu

This paper investigates the ability of large language models (LLMs) to solve statistical tasks, as well as their capacity to assess the quality of reasoning. While state-of-the-art LLMs have demonstrated remarkable performance in a range of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Crish Nagarkar , Leonid Bogachev , Serge Sharoff

Tool learning aims to enhance and expand large language models' (LLMs) capabilities with external tools, which has gained significant attention recently. Current methods have shown that LLMs can effectively handle a certain amount of tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Qiancheng Xu , Yongqi Li , Heming Xia , Wenjie Li

While forward reasoning (i.e., find the answer given the question) has been explored extensively in recent literature, backward reasoning is relatively unexplored. We examine the backward reasoning capabilities of LLMs on Math Word Problems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Aniruddha Deb , Neeva Oza , Sarthak Singla , Dinesh Khandelwal , Dinesh Garg , Parag Singla

Large Language Models (LLMs) have tremendous potential to play a key role in supporting mathematical reasoning, with growing use in education and AI research. However, most existing benchmarks are limited to English, creating a significant…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Tabia Tanzin Prama , Christopher M. Danforth , Peter Sheridan Dodds

While large language models (LLMs) excel in mathematical and code reasoning, we observe they struggle with social reasoning tasks, exhibiting cognitive confusion, logical inconsistencies, and conflation between objective world states and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jialu Du , Guiyang Hou , Yihui Fu , Chen Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu

Mathematical problem solving remains a challenging test of reasoning for large language and multimodal models, yet existing benchmarks are limited in size, language coverage, and task diversity. We introduce MathNet, a high-quality,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shaden Alshammari , Kevin Wen , Abrar Zainal , Mark Hamilton , Navid Safaei , Sultan Albarakati , William T. Freeman , Antonio Torralba

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in various natural language tasks, often achieving performances that surpass those of humans. Despite these advancements, the domain of mathematics presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Ankit Satpute , Noah Giessing , Andre Greiner-Petter , Moritz Schubotz , Olaf Teschke , Akiko Aizawa , Bela Gipp

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly proficient in language-based tasks. Their language capabilities have positioned them at the forefront of the future AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) race. However, on closer inspection, Valmeekam…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Dibyanayan Bandyopadhyay , Soham Bhattacharjee , Asif Ekbal

The challenges of solving complex university-level mathematics problems, particularly those from MIT, and Columbia University courses, and selected tasks from the MATH dataset, remain a significant obstacle in the field of artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Eishkaran Singh , Tanav Singh Bajaj , Siddharth Nayak

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI-o1, have demonstrated the significant effectiveness of test-time scaling, achieving substantial performance gains across various benchmarks. These advanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Haotian Wang , Han Zhao , Shuaiting Chen , Xiaoyu Tian , Sitong Zhao , Yunjie Ji , Yiping Peng , Xiangang Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities when provided with chain-of-thought exemplars, but curating large reasoning datasets remains laborious and resource-intensive. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Sondos Mahmoud Bsharat , Zhiqiang Shen

Large language models (LLMs) can perform reasoning computations both internally within their latent space and externally by generating explicit token sequences like chains of thought. Significant progress in enhancing reasoning abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

Large language models (LLMs) are known to struggle with complicated reasoning tasks such as math word problems (MWPs). In this paper, we present how analogy from similarly structured questions can improve LLMs' problem-solving capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Xiaocong Yang , Jiacheng Lin , Ziqi Wang , Chengxiang Zhai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in reasoning across diverse domains. However, effective reasoning in real-world tasks requires adapting the reasoning strategy to the demands of the problem, ranging from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xinda Jia , Jinpeng Li , Zezhong Wang , Jingjing Li , Xingshan Zeng , Yasheng Wang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu , Weiwen Liu

Despite impressive advances in large language models (LLMs), existing benchmarks often focus on single-turn or single-step tasks, failing to capture the kind of iterative reasoning required in real-world settings. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yiran Zhang , Mo Wang , Xiaoyang Li , Kaixuan Ren , Chencheng Zhu , Usman Naseem

Employing Large Language Models (LLMs) to address mathematical problems is an intriguing research endeavor, considering the abundance of math problems expressed in natural language across numerous science and engineering fields. LLMs, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Yiran Wu , Feiran Jia , Shaokun Zhang , Hangyu Li , Erkang Zhu , Yue Wang , Yin Tat Lee , Richard Peng , Qingyun Wu , Chi Wang