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Text embeddings are essential for many tasks, such as document retrieval, clustering, and semantic similarity assessment. In this paper, we study how to contrastively train text embedding models in a compute-optimal fashion, given a suite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Alicja Ziarko , Albert Q. Jiang , Bartosz Piotrowski , Wenda Li , Mateja Jamnik , Piotr Miłoś

While supervised learning models have shown remarkable performance in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, their success heavily relies on the availability of large-scale labeled datasets, which can be costly and time-consuming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Wrick Talukdar , Anjanava Biswas

This paper introduces RETSim (Resilient and Efficient Text Similarity), a lightweight, multilingual deep learning model trained to produce robust metric embeddings for near-duplicate text retrieval, clustering, and dataset deduplication…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Marina Zhang , Owen Vallis , Aysegul Bumin , Tanay Vakharia , Elie Bursztein

Recently, embedding resources, including models, benchmarks, and datasets, have been widely released to support a variety of languages. However, the Dutch language remains underrepresented, typically comprising only a small fraction of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Nikolay Banar , Ehsan Lotfi , Jens Van Nooten , Cristina Arhiliuc , Marija Kliocaite , Walter Daelemans

Multilingual sentence encoders (MSEs) are commonly obtained by training multilingual language models to map sentences from different languages into a shared semantic space. As such, they are subject to curse of multilinguality, a loss of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yongxin Huang , Kexin Wang , Goran Glavaš , Iryna Gurevych

Selecting an appropriate response from many candidates given the utterances in a multi-turn dialogue is the key problem for a retrieval-based dialogue system. Existing work formalizes the task as matching between the utterances and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Wentao Zhang , Shuang Xu , Haoran Huang

We attribute the vulnerability of natural language processing models to the fact that similar inputs are converted to dissimilar representations in the embedding space, leading to inconsistent outputs, and we propose a novel robust training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Yichen Yang , Xiaosen Wang , Kun He

Scarcity of parallel sentence pairs is a major challenge for training high quality neural machine translation (NMT) models in bilingually low-resource scenarios, as NMT is data-hungry. Multi-task learning is an elegant approach to inject…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Poorya Zaremoodi , Gholamreza Haffari

End-to-end Speech Translation (ST) models have several advantages such as lower latency, smaller model size, and less error compounding over conventional pipelines that combine Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and text Machine Translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Sathish Indurthi , Houjeung Han , Nikhil Kumar Lakumarapu , Beomseok Lee , Insoo Chung , Sangha Kim , Chanwoo Kim

Bilingual word embeddings, which representlexicons of different languages in a shared em-bedding space, are essential for supporting se-mantic and knowledge transfers in a variety ofcross-lingual NLP tasks. Existing approachesto training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Weijia Shi , Muhao Chen , Yingtao Tian , Kai-Wei Chang

Multi-task learning (MTL) has achieved remarkable success in natural language processing applications. In this work, we study a multi-task learning model with multiple decoders on varieties of biomedical and clinical natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Yifan Peng , Qingyu Chen , Zhiyong Lu

This paper presents E5, a family of state-of-the-art text embeddings that transfer well to a wide range of tasks. The model is trained in a contrastive manner with weak supervision signals from our curated large-scale text pair dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Xiaolong Huang , Binxing Jiao , Linjun Yang , Daxin Jiang , Rangan Majumder , Furu Wei

We study multi-task learning for two orthogonal speech technology tasks: speech and speaker recognition. We use wav2vec2 as a base architecture with two task-specific output heads. We experiment with different architectural decisions to mix…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Nik Vaessen , David A. van Leeuwen

We compare sequential fine-tuning with a model for multi-task learning in the context where we are interested in boosting performance on two tasks, one of which depends on the other. We test these models on the FigLang2022 shared task which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Irina Bigoulaeva , Rachneet Sachdeva , Harish Tayyar Madabushi , Aline Villavicencio , Iryna Gurevych

Recent progress on unsupervised learning of cross-lingual embeddings in bilingual setting has given impetus to learning a shared embedding space for several languages without any supervision. A popular framework to solve the latter problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Pratik Jawanpuria , Mayank Meghwanshi , Bamdev Mishra

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved significant success in Speech-to-Text Translation (S2TT) tasks. While most existing research has focused on English-centric translation directions, the exploration of many-to-many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yexing Du , Youcheng Pan , Ziyang Ma , Bo Yang , Yifan Yang , Keqi Deng , Xie Chen , Yang Xiang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

We introduce a simple modification to the embedding layer. The key change is to infuse token embeddings with information about their spelling. Models trained with these embeddings improve not only on spelling, but also across standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Markus N. Rabe , Judith Clymo , Zheren Dong

Word embeddings are substantially successful in capturing semantic relations among words. However, these lexical semantics are difficult to be interpreted. Definition modeling provides a more intuitive way to evaluate embeddings by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Haitong Zhang , Yongping Du , Jiaxin Sun , Qingxiao Li

Dense vector representations for sentences made significant progress in recent years as can be seen on sentence similarity tasks. Real-world phrase retrieval applications, on the other hand, still encounter challenges for effective use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Eyal Orbach , Lev Haikin , Nelly David , Avi Faizakof

Multi-class text classification is one of the key problems in machine learning and natural language processing. Emerging neural networks deal with the problem using a multi-output softmax layer and achieve substantial progress, but they do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Haiyang Xu , Junwen Chen , Kun Han , Xiangang Li