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The number and dynamic nature of web and mobile applications presents significant challenges for assessing their compliance with data protection laws. In this context, symbolic and statistical Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 David Rodriguez , Ian Yang , Jose M. Del Alamo , Norman Sadeh

Recent studies have found that summaries generated by large language models (LLMs) are favored by human annotators over the original reference summaries in commonly used summarization datasets. Therefore, we study an LLM-as-reference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Yixin Liu , Kejian Shi , Katherine S He , Longtian Ye , Alexander R. Fabbri , Pengfei Liu , Dragomir Radev , Arman Cohan

Oversampling is one of the most widely used approaches for addressing imbalanced classification. The core idea is to generate additional minority samples to rebalance the dataset. Most existing methods, such as SMOTE, require converting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Dang Nguyen , Sunil Gupta , Kien Do , Thin Nguyen , Taylor Braund , Alexis Whitton , Svetha Venkatesh

Automatic Text Summarization (ATS), utilizing Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms, aims to create concise and accurate summaries, thereby significantly reducing the human effort required in processing large volumes of text. ATS has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yang Zhang , Hanlei Jin , Dan Meng , Jun Wang , Jinghua Tan

Large language models (LLMs) have been well-researched in various long-context tasks. However, the scarcity of long-context summarization datasets hinders progress in this area. To address this, we introduce CNNSum, a multi-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Lingxiao Wei , He Yan , Xiangju Lu , Junmin Zhu , Jun Wang , Wei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are now used in settings such as Google's AI Overviews, where it summarizes multiple long documents. However, it remains unclear whether they weight all inputs equally. Focusing on abortion-related news, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Jing Ma

NLP benchmarks have largely focused on short texts, such as sentences and paragraphs, even though long texts comprise a considerable amount of natural language in the wild. We introduce SCROLLS, a suite of tasks that require reasoning over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Uri Shaham , Elad Segal , Maor Ivgi , Avia Efrat , Ori Yoran , Adi Haviv , Ankit Gupta , Wenhan Xiong , Mor Geva , Jonathan Berant , Omer Levy

Recent advancement in large language models (LLMs) has offered a strong potential for natural language systems to process informal language. A representative form of informal language is slang, used commonly in daily conversations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zhewei Sun , Qian Hu , Rahul Gupta , Richard Zemel , Yang Xu

Online reviews play a pivotal role in influencing consumer decisions across various domains, from purchasing products to selecting hotels or restaurants. However, the sheer volume of reviews -- often containing repetitive or irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Mir Tafseer Nayeem , Davood Rafiei

Large language model (LLM) judges have often been used alongside traditional, algorithm-based metrics for tasks like summarization because they better capture semantic information, are better at reasoning, and are more robust to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiangnan Fang , Cheng-Tse Liu , Hanieh Deilamsalehy , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Puneet Mathur , Nedim Lipka , Franck Dernoncourt , Ryan A. Rossi

We introduce OVERTONBENCH, a novel framework for measuring Overton pluralism in LLMs--the extent to which diverse viewpoints are represented in model outputs. We (i) formalize Overton pluralism as a set coverage metric (OVERTONSCORE), (ii)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Elinor Poole-Dayan , Jiayi Wu , Taylor Sorensen , Jiaxin Pei , Michiel A. Bakker

We introduce benchmark signatures to characterize the capacity demands of LLM benchmarks and their overlaps. Signatures are sets of salient tokens from in-the-wild corpora whose model token perplexity, reflecting training exposure, predicts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Siyang Wu , Honglin Bao , Sida Li , Ari Holtzman , James A. Evans

Public leaderboards increasingly suggest that large language models (LLMs) surpass human experts on benchmarks spanning academic knowledge, law, and programming. Yet most benchmarks are fully public, their questions widely mirrored across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Eshwar Reddy M , Sourav Karmakar

With an increasing number of parameters and pre-training data, generative large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities to solve tasks with minimal or no task-related examples. Notably, LLMs have been successfully employed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Christoph Leiter , Juri Opitz , Daniel Deutsch , Yang Gao , Rotem Dror , Steffen Eger

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents solve complex tasks through iterative reasoning, exploration, and tool-use, a process that can result in long, expensive context histories. While state-of-the-art Software Engineering (SE) agents like…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Tobias Lindenbauer , Igor Slinko , Ludwig Felder , Egor Bogomolov , Yaroslav Zharov

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated strong performance in audio understanding and generation. Yet, our extensive benchmarking reveals that their behavior is largely generic (e.g., summarizing spoken content) and fails to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yuwen Wang , Xinyuan Qian , Tian-Hao Zhang , Jiaran Gao , Yuchen Pan , Xin Wang , Zhou Pan , Chen Wei , Yiming Wang

Grading Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) is a time-consuming and expensive process, traditionally requiring extensive manual effort from human experts. In this study, we explore the potential of Large Language Models…

Overlapping frequently occurs in paired texts in natural language processing tasks like text editing and semantic similarity evaluation. Better evaluation of the semantic distance between the overlapped sentences benefits the language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Letian Peng , Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao

Text simplification (TS) refers to the process of reducing the complexity of a text while retaining its original meaning and key information. Existing work only shows that large language models (LLMs) have outperformed supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Jipeng Qiang , Minjiang Huang , Yi Zhu , Yunhao Yuan , Chaowei Zhang , Kui Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) ) have demonstrated promise in boosting productivity across AI-powered tools, yet existing benchmarks like Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) inadequately assess enterprise-specific task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Liya Wang , David Yi , Damien Jose , John Passarelli , James Gao , Jordan Leventis , Kang Li