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Online reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are increasingly used to personalize digital interventions in the fields of mobile health and online education. Common challenges in designing and testing an RL algorithm in these settings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Anna L. Trella , Kelly W. Zhang , Inbal Nahum-Shani , Vivek Shetty , Finale Doshi-Velez , Susan A. Murphy

Dental disease is a prevalent chronic condition associated with substantial financial burden, personal suffering, and increased risk of systemic diseases. Despite widespread recommendations for twice-daily tooth brushing, adherence to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Anna L. Trella , Kelly W. Zhang , Hinal Jajal , Inbal Nahum-Shani , Vivek Shetty , Finale Doshi-Velez , Susan A. Murphy

Dental disease is still one of the most common chronic diseases in the United States. While dental disease is preventable through healthy oral self-care behaviors (OSCB), this basic behavior is not consistently practiced. We have developed…

Dental disease is one of the most common chronic diseases despite being largely preventable. However, professional advice on optimal oral hygiene practices is often forgotten or abandoned by patients. Therefore patients may benefit from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Anna L. Trella , Kelly W. Zhang , Inbal Nahum-Shani , Vivek Shetty , Finale Doshi-Velez , Susan A. Murphy

There is a growing interest in using reinforcement learning (RL) to personalize sequences of treatments in digital health to support users in adopting healthier behaviors. Such sequential decision-making problems involve decisions about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Susobhan Ghosh , Raphael Kim , Prasidh Chhabria , Raaz Dwivedi , Predrag Klasnja , Peng Liao , Kelly Zhang , Susan Murphy

Currently, reinforcement learning (RL), especially deep RL, has received more and more attention in the research area. However, the security of RL has been an obvious problem due to the attack manners becoming mature. In order to defend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Jiarui Yao , Simon Shaolei Du

In the rapidly changing healthcare landscape, the implementation of offline reinforcement learning (RL) in dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) presents a mix of unprecedented opportunities and challenges. This position paper offers a critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Zhiyao Luo , Yangchen Pan , Peter Watkinson , Tingting Zhu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great promise with algorithms learning in environments with large state and action spaces purely from scalar reward signals. A crucial challenge for current deep RL algorithms is that they require a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Shivakanth Sujit , Pedro H. M. Braga , Jorg Bornschein , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to optimize the return given a fixed dataset of agent trajectories without additional interactions with the environment. While algorithm development has progressed rapidly, significant theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Fengdi Che

Much attention has been devoted recently to the development of machine learning algorithms with the goal of improving treatment policies in healthcare. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a sub-field within machine learning that is concerned…

Modern decision-making systems, from robots to web recommendation engines, are expected to adapt: to user preferences, changing circumstances or even new tasks. Yet, it is still uncommon to deploy a dynamically learning agent (rather than a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Shengpu Tang , Felipe Vieira Frujeri , Dipendra Misra , Alex Lamb , John Langford , Paul Mineiro , Sebastian Kochman

The offline reinforcement learning (RL) problem is often motivated by the need to learn data-driven decision policies in financial, legal and healthcare applications. However, the learned policy could retain sensitive information of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Dan Qiao , Yu-Xiang Wang

Offline reinforcement learning algorithms still lack trust in practice due to the risk that the learned policy performs worse than the original policy that generated the dataset or behaves in an unexpected way that is unfamiliar to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Phillip Swazinna , Steffen Udluft , Thomas Runkler

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promise for decision-making tasks in real-world applications. One practical framework involves training parameterized policy models from an offline dataset and subsequently deploying them in an online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Ziniu Li , Ke Xu , Liu Liu , Lanqing Li , Deheng Ye , Peilin Zhao

Online matching problems arise in many complex systems, from cloud services and online marketplaces to organ exchange networks, where timely, principled decisions are critical for maintaining high system performance. Traditional heuristics…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-09 Chiara Mignacco , Matthieu Jonckheere , Gilles Stoltz

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to turn large datasets into powerful decision-making engines without any online interactions with the environment. This great promise has motivated a large amount of research that hopes to replicate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Louis Monier , Jakub Kmec , Alexandre Laterre , Thomas Pierrot , Valentin Courgeau , Olivier Sigaud , Karim Beguir

Offline-to-online reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a practical paradigm that leverages offline datasets for pretraining and online interactions for fine-tuning. However, its empirical behavior is highly inconsistent: design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Lu Li , Tianwei Ni , Yihao Sun , Pierre-Luc Bacon

Precise robot manipulation is critical for fine-grained applications such as chemical and biological experiments, where even small errors (e.g., reagent spillage) can invalidate an entire task. Existing approaches often rely on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xiangyu Chen , Chuhao Zhou , Yuxi Liu , Jianfei Yang

Online reinforcement learning (RL) excels in complex, safety-critical domains but suffers from sample inefficiency, training instability, and limited interpretability. Data attribution provides a principled way to trace model behavior back…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yuzheng Hu , Fan Wu , Haotian Ye , David Forsyth , James Zou , Nan Jiang , Jiaqi W. Ma , Han Zhao

Online reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly popular for the personalized mobile health (mHealth) intervention. It is able to personalize the type and dose of interventions according to user's ongoing statuses and changing needs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Feiyun Zhu , Peng Liao
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