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We develop a thermodynamic theory of algorithmic catalysis within the watts-per-intelligence framework, identifying reusable computational structures that reduce irreversible operations for a task class while satisfying bounded restoration…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Elija Perrier

Overfitting and generalization is an important concept in Machine Learning as only models that generalize are interesting for general applications. Yet some students have trouble learning this important concept through lectures and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Matthia Sabatelli

The reliable prediction of the temporal behavior of complex systems is key in numerous scientific fields. This strong interest is however hindered by modeling issues: often, the governing equations describing the physics of the system under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Alessandro Bucci , Onofrio Semeraro , Alexandre Allauzen , Sergio Chibbaro , Lionel Mathelin

We demonstrate that embedding physics-driven constraints into machine learning process can dramatically improve accuracy and generalizability of the resulting model. Physics-informed learning is illustrated on the example of analysis of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-12-16 Abantika Ghosh , Mohannad Elhamod , Jie Bu , Wei-Cheng Lee , Anuj Karpatne , Viktor A Podolskiy

This work presents a formalism to improve the predictive accuracy of physical models by learning generalizable augmentations from sparse data. Building on recent advances in data-driven turbulence modeling, the present approach, referred to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-07-28 Vishal Srivastava , Karthik Duraisamy

A default assumption in the design of reinforcement-learning algorithms is that a decision-making agent always explores to learn optimal behavior. In sufficiently complex environments that approach the vastness and scale of the real world,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Dilip Arumugam , Saurabh Kumar , Ramki Gummadi , Benjamin Van Roy

Most machine learning theory and practice is concerned with learning a single task. In this thesis it is argued that in general there is insufficient information in a single task for a learner to generalise well and that what is required…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Jonathan Baxter

Energy-based probabilistic models learned by maximizing the likelihood of the data are limited by the intractability of the partition function. A widely used workaround is to maximize the pseudo-likelihood, which replaces the global…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-31 Francesco D'Amico , Dario Bocchi , Luca Maria Del Bono , Saverio Rossi , Matteo Negri

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms that learn policies by trial-and-error must learn from limited amounts of data collected by actively interacting with the environment. While many prior works have shown that proper regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Qiyang Li , Aviral Kumar , Ilya Kostrikov , Sergey Levine

Recent advancements in machine learning have showcased its potential to significantly accelerate the discovery of new materials. Central to this progress is the development of rapidly computable property predictors, enabling the…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-04-16 Kohei Noda , Araki Wakiuchi , Yoshihiro Hayashi , Ryo Yoshida

Data augmentation is used in machine learning to make the classifier invariant to label-preserving transformations. Usually this invariance is only encouraged implicitly by including a single augmented input during training. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Aleksander Botev , Matthias Bauer , Soham De

Measurement and estimation of parameters are essential for science and engineering, where one of the main quests is to find systematic schemes that can achieve high precision. While conventional schemes for quantum parameter estimation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-29 Han Xu , Junning Li , Liqiang Liu , Yu Wang , Haidong Yuan , Xin Wang

We propose a novel learning-based framework for image reconstruction particularly designed for training without ground truth data, which has three major building blocks: energy-based learning, a patch-based Wasserstein loss functional, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Thomas Pinetz , Erich Kobler , Thomas Pock , Alexander Effland

Generalization in Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to learn an agent during training that generalizes to the target environment. This paper studies RL generalization from a theoretical aspect: how much can we expect pre-training over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Haotian Ye , Xiaoyu Chen , Liwei Wang , Simon S. Du

Recent applications of machine learning, in particular deep learning, motivate the need to address the generalizability of the statistical inference approaches in physical sciences. In this letter, we introduce a modular physics guided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Suraj Pawar , Omer San , Burak Aksoylu , Adil Rasheed , Trond Kvamsdal

Machine learning techniques are powerful tools for construction of emulators for complex systems. We explore different machine learning methods and conceptual methodologies, ranging from functional approximations to dynamical…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Hannah Lu , Dinara Ermakova , Haruko Murakami Wainwright , Liange Zheng , Daniel M. Tartakovsky

Simplicity is a powerful inductive bias. In reinforcement learning, regularization is used for simpler policies, data augmentation for simpler representations, and sparse reward functions for simpler objectives, all that, with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Bang You , Puze Liu , Huaping Liu , Jan Peters , Oleg Arenz

The goal of machine learning is to develop predictors that generalize well to test data. Ideally, this is achieved by training on an almost infinitely large training data set that captures all variations in the data distribution. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-02-28 Laurens van der Maaten , Minmin Chen , Stephen Tyree , Kilian Weinberger

Overfitting data is a well-known phenomenon related with the generation of a model that mimics too closely (or exactly) a particular instance of data, and may therefore fail to predict future observations reliably. In practice, this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-14 Matias Vera , Leonardo Rey Vega , Pablo Piantanida

Small, out-of-equilibrium, and quantum systems defy simple thermodynamic expressions. Such systems are exemplified by molecular switches, which exchange heat with a bath. These molecules can photoisomerize, or change conformation, or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-23 Nicole Yunger Halpern , David T. Limmer