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Noise in existing quantum processors only enables an approximation to ideal quantum computation. However, these approximations can be vastly improved by error mitigation, for the computation of expectation values, as shown by small-scale…

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is essential for the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, and will remain relevant for early fault-tolerant quantum computers, where logical error rates are still significant. However, most QEM methods incur…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Pablo Díez-Valle , Gaurav Saxena , Jack S. Baker , Jun-Ho Lee , Thi Ha Kyaw

A long-standing challenge in quantum computing is developing technologies to overcome the inevitable noise in qubits. To enable meaningful applications in the early stages of fault-tolerant quantum computing, devising methods to suppress…

A widely used method for mitigating errors in noisy quantum computers is Richardson extrapolation, a technique in which the overall effect of noise on the estimation of quantum expectation values is captured by a single parameter that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Vincent Russo , Andrea Mari

Variational quantum algorithms have emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary quantum algorithms research. Practical implementations of these algorithms, despite offering certain levels of robustness against systematic errors, show a decline…

We propose a quantum error mitigation strategy for the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm. We find, via numerical simulation, that very small amounts of coherent noise in VQE can cause substantially large errors that are…

Until fault-tolerance becomes implementable at scale, quantum computing will heavily rely on noise mitigation techniques. While methods such as zero noise extrapolation with probabilistic error amplification (ZNE-PEA) and probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-25 Sergei Filippov , Matea Leahy , Matteo A. C. Rossi , Guillermo García-Pérez

Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) reduces noise-induced bias but can increase sampling variance through Richardson coefficients and shot splitting. We define a finite-shot help-harm boundary: the lower local mean-squared-error crossing where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Vicenzo Scavino Alfaro

In open quantum systems, the precision of metrology inevitably suffers from the noise. {In Markovian open quantum dynamics, the precision can not be improved by using entangled probes although the measurement time is effectively shortened.}…

As quantum computing advances towards practical applications, reducing errors remains a crucial frontier for developing near-term devices. Errors in the quantum gates and quantum state readout could result in noisy circuits, which would…

We present a new quantum error mitigation technique (QEM), called GUiding Extrapolations from Symmetry decayS (GUESS), which exploits Hamiltonian symmetries to improve accuracy of noisy quantum computations. This method is explicitly…

Minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation of block sparse signals from noisy linear measurements is considered. Unlike in the standard compressive sensing setup where the non-zero entries of the signal are independently and uniformly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-04-26 Mikko Vehkaperä , Saikat Chatterjee , Mikael Skoglund

Quantum error mitigation is a key concept for the development of practical applications based on current noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. One of the most promising methods is Richardson extrapolation to the zero noise limit.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 Michael Krebsbach , Björn Trauzettel , Alessio Calzona

A significant problem for current quantum computers is noise. While there are many distinct noise channels, the depolarizing noise model often appropriately describes average noise for large circuits involving many qubits and gates. We…

Error mitigation is essential for extracting reliable results from quantum computations performed on noisy intermediate-scale quantum hardware. Here we introduce Noise-Robust Estimation (NRE), a noise-agnostic framework that suppresses…

The rapid development of 5G New Radio (NR) and millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems highlights the critical importance of maintaining accurate phase synchronization to ensure reliable and efficient communication. This study…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-10 Desire Guel , Flavien Herve Somda , Boureima Zerbo , Oumarou Sie

Achieving near-term quantum advantage will require effective methods for mitigating hardware noise. Data-driven approaches to error mitigation are promising, with popular examples including zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) and Clifford data…

Quantum Zeno dynamics (QZD), which restricts the system's evolution to a protected subspace, provides a promising approach for protecting quantum information from noise. Here, we explore a practical approach to harnessing QZD for robust…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Ran Liu , Xiaodong Yang , Xiang Lv , Xinyue Long , Hongfeng Liu , Dawei Lu , Ying Dong , Jun Li

Zero-noise extrapolation provides a practical means of suppressing gate errors in current noisy intermediate-scale quantum hardware. The accuracy of the zero-noise estimate depends sensitively on the fidelity of the assumed noise model to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Tao Wang , Yun Shang

Baseband processing algorithms often require knowledge of the noise power, signal power, or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In practice, these parameters are typically unknown and must be estimated. Furthermore, the mean-square error (MSE) is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-28 Alexandra Gallyas-Sanhueza , Christoph Studer