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Adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks via full fine-tuning is increasingly impractical due to its computational and memory demands. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) approaches such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jing Gao , Zhong-Yi Lu , Pan Zhang , Ze-Feng Gao

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) and its variants are widely employed in fine-tuning large models, including large language models for natural language processing and diffusion models for computer vision. This paper proposes a generalized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xiangyu Chen , Jing Liu , Ye Wang , Pu Perry Wang , Matthew Brand , Guanghui Wang , Toshiaki Koike-Akino

Pre-training Large Language Models (LLMs) on web-scale datasets becomes fundamental for advancing general-purpose AI. In contrast, enhancing their predictive performance on downstream tasks typically involves adapting their knowledge…

Fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models is inherently a resource-intensive task. While it can enhance the capabilities of the model, it also incurs substantial computational costs, posing challenges to the practical application of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Yulong Mao , Kaiyu Huang , Changhao Guan , Ganglin Bao , Fengran Mo , Jinan Xu

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods like LoRA have significantly improved the adaptation of LLMs to downstream tasks in a resource-efficient manner. However, in multi-task scenarios, challenges such as training imbalance and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Xujia Wang , Haiyan Zhao , Shuo Wang , Hanqing Wang , Zhiyuan Liu

Low-rank adaptation, also known as LoRA, has emerged as a prominent method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of foundation models. Despite its computational efficiency, LoRA still yields inferior performance compared to full fine-tuning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhengbo Wang , Jian Liang , Ran He , Zilei Wang , Tieniu Tan

In this paper, we present Delta-LoRA, which is a novel parameter-efficient approach to fine-tune large language models (LLMs). In contrast to LoRA and other low-rank adaptation methods such as AdaLoRA, Delta-LoRA not only updates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Bojia Zi , Xianbiao Qi , Lingzhi Wang , Jianan Wang , Kam-Fai Wong , Lei Zhang

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has been prominently employed for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs). However, the limited expressive capacity of LoRA, stemming from the low-rank constraint, has been recognized as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zhiwei He , Zhaopeng Tu , Xing Wang , Xingyu Chen , Zhijie Wang , Jiahao Xu , Tian Liang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is widely studied for its effectiveness and efficiency in the era of large language models. Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has demonstrated commendable performance as a popular and representative method.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zequan Liu , Jiawen Lyn , Wei Zhu , Xing Tian , Yvette Graham

In addressing the computational and memory demands of fine-tuning Large Language Models(LLMs), we propose LoRA-SP(Streamlined Partial Parameter Adaptation), a novel approach utilizing randomized half-selective parameter freezing within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yichao Wu , Yafei Xiang , Shuning Huo , Yulu Gong , Penghao Liang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a crucial method for efficiently fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), with its effectiveness influenced by two key factors: rank selection and weight initialization. While numerous LoRA variants have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Haonan He , Peng Ye , Yuchen Ren , Yuan Yuan , Luyang Zhou , Shucun Ju , Lei Chen

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and its variants have shown impressive results in reducing the number of trainable parameters and memory requirements of large transformer networks while maintaining fine-tuning performance. The low-rank nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Paul Albert , Frederic Z. Zhang , Hemanth Saratchandran , Cristian Rodriguez-Opazo , Anton van den Hengel , Ehsan Abbasnejad

Low-rank adaptation is a popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning method for large language models. In this paper, we analyze the impact of low-rank updating, as implemented in LoRA. Our findings suggest that the low-rank updating mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Ting Jiang , Shaohan Huang , Shengyue Luo , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang

Fine-tuning helps large language models (LLM) recover degraded information and enhance task performance. Although Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used and effective for fine-tuning, we have observed that its scaling factor can limit or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jun Liu , Zhenglun Kong , Peiyan Dong , Changdi Yang , Xuan Shen , Pu Zhao , Hao Tang , Geng Yuan , Wei Niu , Wenbin Zhang , Xue Lin , Dong Huang , Yanzhi Wang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) lowers the computational and memory overhead of fine-tuning large models by updating a low-dimensional subspace of the pre-trained weight matrix. Albeit efficient, LoRA exhibits suboptimal convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

LoRA has become a universal Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) technique that equips Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt quickly to new tasks. However, when these models are scaled up, even the latest LoRA variants still introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xindian Ma , Rundong Kong , Peng Zhang , Ruoxiang Huang , Yongyu Jiang

Large pre-trained models, such as large language models (LLMs), present significant resource challenges for fine-tuning due to their extensive parameter sizes, especially for applications in mobile systems. To address this, Low-Rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Yuzhu Mao , Siqi Ping , Zihao Zhao , Yang Liu , Wenbo Ding

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is computationally intensive because it requires updating all parameters. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) improves efficiency by modifying only a subset of weights but introduces a trade-off between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Abdessalam Ed-dib , Zhanibek Datbayev , Amine Mohamed Aboussalah

Adapting large pretrained models to new tasks efficiently and continually is crucial for real-world deployment but remains challenging due to catastrophic forgetting and the high cost of retraining. While parameter-efficient tuning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Prakhar Kaushik , Ankit Vaidya , Shravan Chaudhari , Rama Chellappa , Alan Yuille

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as one of the most widely used parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. While highly effective in single-task settings, it struggles…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Bo Cheng , Xu Wang , Jinda Liu , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu