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Do LLMs align with human perceptions of safety? We study this question via annotation alignment, the extent to which LLMs and humans agree when annotating the safety of user-chatbot conversations. We leverage the recent DICES dataset (Aroyo…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Rajiv Movva , Pang Wei Koh , Emma Pierson

As the number of applications that use machine learning algorithms increases, the need for labeled data useful for training such algorithms intensifies. Getting labels typically involves employing humans to do the annotation, which directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-07-16 Alexandros Ntoulas , Omar Alonso , Vasilis Kandylas

Public health researchers are increasingly interested in using social media data to study health-related behaviors, but manually labeling this data can be labor-intensive and costly. This study explores whether zero-shot labeling using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Kamyar Kazari , Yong Chen , Zahra Shakeri

Scientific metadata often suffer from incompleteness, inconsistency, and formatting errors, which hinder effective discovery and reuse of the associated datasets. We present a method that combines GPT-4 with structured metadata templates…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Sowmya S Sundaram , Rafael S. Gonçalves , Mark A Musen

In 2013, scholars laid out a framework for a sustainable, ethical future of crowd work, recommending career ladders so that crowd work can lead to career advancement and more economic mobility. Five years later, we consider this vision in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-02-15 Anna Kasunic , Chun-Wei Chiang , Geoff Kaufman , Saiph Savage

We introduce a novel crowdsourcing method for identifying important areas in graphical images through punch-hole labeling. Traditional methods, such as gaze trackers and mouse-based annotations, which generate continuous data, can be…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Minsuk Chang , Soohyun Lee , Aeri Cho , Hyeon Jeon , Seokhyeon Park , Cindy Xiong Bearfield , Jinwook Seo

Crowdsourcing and data mining can be used to effectively reduce the effort associated with the partial replication and enhancement of qualitative studies. For example, in a primary study, other researchers explored factors influencing the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Di Chen , Kathyrn Stolee , Tim Menzies

An important way to make large training sets is to gather noisy labels from crowds of non experts. We propose a method to aggregate noisy labels collected from a crowd of workers or annotators. Eliciting labels is important in tasks such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Abhay Gupta

Recent years have witnessed the growing demands for resolving numerous bug reports in software maintenance. Aiming to reduce the time testers/developers take in perusing bug reports, the task of bug report summarization has attracted a lot…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-10-02 He Jiang , Xiaochen Li , Zhilei Ren , Jifeng Xuan , Zhi Jin

We present and analyze results from a pilot study that explores how crowdsourcing can be used in the process of generating distractors (incorrect answer choices) in multiple-choice concept inventories (conceptual tests of understanding). To…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Travis Scheponik , Enis Golaszewski , Geoffrey Herman , Spencer Offenberger , Linda Oliva , Peter A. H. Peterson , Alan T. Sherman

Despite long-standing efforts in accelerating scientific discovery with AI, building AI co-scientists remains challenging due to limited high-quality data for training and evaluation. To tackle this data scarcity issue, we present AutoSDT,…

Active Learning (AL) is a machine learning technique where the model selectively queries the most informative data points for labeling by human experts. Integrating AL with crowdsourcing leverages crowd diversity to enhance data labeling…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shaojie Hou , Yuandou Wang , Zhiming Zhao

Human-annotated data plays a critical role in the fairness of AI systems, including those that deal with life-altering decisions or moderating human-created web/social media content. Conventionally, annotator disagreements are resolved…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Sarah Luger , Saloni Poddar , Ashiqur R. KhudaBukhsh , Christopher M. Homan

Output-agreement mechanisms such as ESP Game have been widely used in human computation to obtain reliable human-generated labels. In this paper, we argue that a "time-limited" output-agreement mechanism can be used to create a fast and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-12-07 Ting-Hao 'Kenneth' Huang , Yun-Nung Chen , Jeffrey P. Bigham

This study explores the use of generative AI for automating the classification of tutors' Dialogue Acts (DAs), aiming to reduce the time and effort required by traditional manual coding. This case study uses the open-source CIMA corpus, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Liqun He , Jiaqi Xu

Annotation quality is difficult to sustain when campaigns span weeks or months with small annotator pools. We present a Setswana sentiment dataset of 3,565 tweets annotated by three native-speaker annotators across eight batches and examine…

The extensive use of online social media has highlighted the importance of privacy in the digital space. As more scientists analyse the data created in these platforms, privacy concerns have extended to data usage within the academia.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Giannis Haralabopoulos , Ioannis Anagnostopoulos

When annotators disagree, predicting the labels given by individual annotators can capture nuances overlooked by traditional label aggregation. We introduce three approaches to predicting individual annotator ratings on the toxicity of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Harbani Jaggi , Kashyap Murali , Eve Fleisig , Erdem Bıyık

Strong labels are a necessity for evaluation of sound event detection methods, but often scarcely available due to the high resources required by the annotation task. We present a method for estimating strong labels using crowdsourced weak…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-27 Irene Martín-Morató , Manu Harju , Annamaria Mesaros

Reliably labelling data typically requires annotations from multiple human workers. However, humans are far from being perfect. Hence, it is a common practice to aggregate labels gathered from multiple annotators to make a more confident…

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