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Algorithmic stock trading has become a staple in today's financial market, the majority of trades being now fully automated. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agents proved to be to a force to be reckon with in many complex games like Chess…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Tidor-Vlad Pricope

Traditional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are effective for handling sequential data but have limitations such as gradient vanishing and difficulty in capturing long-term dependencies, which can impact their performance in dynamic…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Faezeh Sarlakifar , Mohammadreza Mohammadzadeh Asl , Sajjad Rezvani Khaledi , Armin Salimi-Badr

This paper explores the application of deep Q-learning to hedging at-the-money options on the S\&P~500 index. We develop an agent based on the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm, trained to simulate hedging…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-13 Zofia Bracha , Paweł Sakowski , Jakub Michańków

In the highly volatile and uncertain global financial markets, traditional quantitative trading models relying on statistical modeling or empirical rules often fail to adapt to dynamic market changes and black swan events due to rigid…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-22 Jingfeng Pan , Jiahao Chen

In dynamic programming (DP) and reinforcement learning (RL), an agent learns to act optimally in terms of expected long-term return by sequentially interacting with its environment modeled by a Markov decision process (MDP). More generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Mastane Achab , Gergely Neu

This article proposes a model-based deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method to design emergency control strategies for short-term voltage stability problems in power systems. Recent advances show promising results in model-free DRL-based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-07 Ramij R. Hossain , Tianzhixi Yin , Yan Du , Renke Huang , Jie Tan , Wenhao Yu , Yuan Liu , Qiuhua Huang

This study develops and evaluates a deep reinforcement learning framework for dynamic portfolio allocation across global equity markets. The Soft Actor-Critic algorithm is used to learn continuous portfolio weights within a Markov Decision…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-19 Kamil Kashif , Robert Ślepaczuk

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) provides a general-purpose methodology for training inventory policies that can leverage big data and compute. However, off-the-shelf implementations of DRL have seen mixed success, often plagued by high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yaqi Xie , Xinru Hao , Jiaxi Liu , Will Ma , Linwei Xin , Lei Cao , Yidong Zhang

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) connects the classic Reinforcement Learning algorithms with Deep Neural Networks. A problem in DRL is that CNNs are black-boxes and it is hard to understand the decision-making process of agents. In order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Matthias Rosynski , Frank Kirchner , Matias Valdenegro-Toro

Energy management systems (EMS) are becoming increasingly important in order to utilize the continuously growing curtailed renewable energy. Promising energy storage systems (ESS), such as batteries and green hydrogen should be employed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Dongju Kang , Doeun Kang , Sumin Hwangbo , Haider Niaz , Won Bo Lee , J. Jay Liu , Jonggeol Na

Increasingly complex, non-linear World-Earth system models are used for describing the dynamics of the biophysical Earth system and the socio-economic and socio-cultural World of human societies and their interactions. Identifying pathways…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-09-16 Felix M. Strnad , Wolfram Barfuss , Jonathan F. Donges , Jobst Heitzig

Offline reinforcement-learning (RL) algorithms learn to make decisions using a given, fixed training dataset without online data collection. This problem setting is captivating because it holds the promise of utilizing previously collected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Dan Elbaz , Gal Novik , Oren Salzman

Can an asset manager plan the optimal timing for her/his hedging strategies given market conditions? The standard approach based on Markowitz or other more or less sophisticated financial rules aims to find the best portfolio allocation…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-11-10 Eric Benhamou , David Saltiel , Sandrine Ungari , Abhishek Mukhopadhyay

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has reached super human levels in complex tasks like game solving (Go and autonomous driving). However, it remains an open question whether DRL can reach human level in applications to financial problems…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-11-10 Eric Benhamou , David Saltiel , Jean-Jacques Ohana , Jamal Atif

In distributed optimization, the practical problem-solving performance is essentially sensitive to algorithm selection, parameter setting, problem type and data pattern. Thus, it is often laborious to acquire a highly efficient method for a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-04 Daokuan Zhu , Tianqi Xu , Jie Lu

Deep Reinforcement learning is a branch of unsupervised learning in which an agent learns to act based on environment state in order to maximize its total reward. Deep reinforcement learning provides good opportunity to model the complexity…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-08-05 Zhaolu Dong , Shan Huang , Simiao Ma , Yining Qian

In many reinforcement learning applications, the underlying environment reward and transition functions are explicitly known differentiable functions. This enables us to use recent research which applies machine learning tools to stochastic…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-04-08 Thibault Jaisson

This scientific research paper presents an innovative approach based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to solve the algorithmic trading problem of determining the optimal trading position at any point in time during a trading activity in…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2022-06-06 Thibaut Théate , Damien Ernst

Control theory provides engineers with a multitude of tools to design controllers that manipulate the closed-loop behavior and stability of dynamical systems. These methods rely heavily on insights about the mathematical model governing the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Simen Theie Havenstrøm , Adil Rasheed , Omer San

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has become a powerful tool for complex decision-making in machine learning and AI. However, traditional methods often assume perfect action execution, overlooking the uncertainties and deviations between an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Oren Fivel , Matan Rudman , Kobi Cohen